path: root/tools/guest-diag/fbcopy_pub.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
/*
 * fbcopy_pub.c - capture the vGPU framebuffer WITHOUT X and publish frames
 * into the kvmfr ivshmem BAR.
 *
 * The X server's screen has 1280x720 pixels in the emulated VRAM, which the
 * guest maps as the vGPU's BAR1 (resource1). The X SHM readback path can
 * stall behind the X server's own push wait; this tool reads the framebuffer
 * pixels straight out of the BAR1 mapping instead (host RAM backing, no GPU
 * or X round-trip), swizzles BGRA -> RGBA and writes the kvmfr frame
 * protocol the host reader already decodes.
 *
 * Usage (guest, as root):
 *   ./fbcopy_pub test                     one solid red frame (pipeline check)
 *   ./fbcopy_pub find [passes] [ms]       motion-scan first 64 MB of BAR1
 *   ./fbcopy_pub findp [off] [sz] [p] [ms]
 *                                         pread motion-scan of any BAR1 range
 *                                         (mmap only reaches the first 64 MB)
 *   ./fbcopy_pub pub <off> [n] [fps] [w] [h] [pitch]
 *                                         copy w*h from BAR1@off (pitch),
 *                                         mmap path (off < 64 MB)
 *   ./fbcopy_pub pubp <off> [n] [fps] [w] [h] [pitch]
 *                                         same but pread path (any offset)
 *
 * Find/build on the host (same glibc as the guest): gcc -O2 -o fbcopy_pub
 * fbcopy_pub.c
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>

#define FRAME_OFFSET  0x100000UL
#define HDR_MAGIC     0x4b564d46u	/* "FMVK" */
#define DEF_W		1280
#define DEF_H		720
#define DEF_PITCH	5120		/* xorg-vgpu.conf: 1280*4 rounded */

struct frame_hdr {
	uint32_t magic;
	uint32_t version;
	uint32_t width;
	uint32_t height;
	uint32_t stride;
	uint32_t format;	/* 0 = RGBA8 */
	uint32_t seq;
	uint32_t reserved;
	uint64_t timestamp_ns;
};

static uint64_t now_ns(void)
{
	struct timespec ts;

	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
	return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ull + ts.tv_nsec;
}

static const char *find_vgpu_resource1(void)
{
	static char path[320];
	DIR *d = opendir("/sys/bus/pci/devices");
	struct dirent *de;

	if (!d)
		return NULL;
	while ((de = readdir(d))) {
		char p[340], buf[32];
		FILE *f;
		int n;

		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
			continue;
		snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/vendor",
			 de->d_name);
		f = fopen(p, "r");
		if (!f)
			continue;
		n = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf) - 1, f);
		fclose(f);
		if (n <= 0)
			continue;
		buf[n] = 0;
		if (strtoul(buf, NULL, 16) != 0x10de)
			continue;
		snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
			 "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/resource1", de->d_name);
		closedir(d);
		return path;
	}
	closedir(d);
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * The vfio mdev region mmap is limited: only file offset 0 with len <= 64 MB
 * works (nonzero offsets and 256 MB both EINVAL). Map the first 64 MB once at
 * offset 0 and index into the mapping for every access.
 */
#define CHUNK_MAX (64UL << 20)

static unsigned char *map_vram(int fd, size_t want, size_t *got)
{
	size_t len = want > CHUNK_MAX ? CHUNK_MAX : want;
	unsigned char *p;

	p = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
	if (p == MAP_FAILED)
		return NULL;
	*got = len;
	return p;
}

static double t_ms(const struct timespec *a, const struct timespec *b)
{
	return (double)(b->tv_sec - a->tv_sec) * 1e3 +
	       (double)(b->tv_nsec - a->tv_nsec) / 1e6;
}

/*
 * Find the largest contiguous run of "dense" pages (>= 64 of 256 sampled
 * bytes nonzero) - an image in VRAM looks like one long dense run. Small
 * gaps (<= 16 pages) are tolerated.
 */
static void report_cluster(const uint32_t *nz, size_t pages,
			   unsigned long long base_off, const char *tag)
{
	size_t p, run_start = 0, last_dense = 0, best_start = 0, best_len = 0;
	int in_run = 0;

	for (p = 0; p <= pages; p++) {
		int dense = p < pages && nz[p] >= 64;

		if (dense) {
			if (!in_run) {
				run_start = p;
				in_run = 1;
			}
			last_dense = p;
		} else if (in_run && p - last_dense > 16) {
			size_t len = last_dense - run_start + 1;

			if (len > best_len) {
				best_len = len;
				best_start = run_start;
			}
			in_run = 0;
		}
	}
	if (best_len >= 8)
		printf("%s_CLUSTER off=0x%llx pages=%zu bytes=%zu\n", tag,
		       base_off + ((unsigned long long)best_start << 12),
		       best_len, best_len << 12);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	const char *mode = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "find";
	const char *bar_path = getenv("FBCOPY_BAR") ? getenv("FBCOPY_BAR") :
		"/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/resource2";
	const char *res1 = getenv("FBCOPY_RES1") ? getenv("FBCOPY_RES1") :
		find_vgpu_resource1();
	struct stat st;
	size_t map_size, i;
	unsigned char *bar;
	struct frame_hdr *hdr;
	volatile uint32_t *seqp;
	int fd, vram_fd;

	setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
	if (!res1) {
		printf("NO_VGPU\n");
		return 1;
	}
	printf("VGPU_RES1 %s\n", res1);
	if (stat(res1, &st) || !st.st_size) {
		printf("STAT_FAIL\n");
		return 1;
	}
	map_size = (size_t)st.st_size;
	printf("VRAM_SIZE 0x%zx (%zu MB)\n", map_size, map_size >> 20);
	vram_fd = open(res1, O_RDONLY | O_SYNC);
	if (vram_fd < 0) {
		perror(res1);
		return 1;
	}

	/* kvmfr BAR next: every mode needs it except find. */
	fd = open(bar_path, O_RDWR | O_SYNC);
	if (fd < 0) {
		perror(bar_path);
		return 1;
	}
	bar = (unsigned char *)mmap(NULL, 128UL << 20, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
				    MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
	close(fd);
	if (bar == MAP_FAILED) {
		perror("mmap kvmfr");
		return 1;
	}
	hdr = (struct frame_hdr *)(bar + FRAME_OFFSET);
	seqp = &hdr->seq;

	if (!strcmp(mode, "zero")) {
		/* Reset the kvmfr header seq so a reader seeding from it will
		 * accept the next pub run's frame 1. */
		hdr->magic = HDR_MAGIC;
		hdr->version = 1;
		hdr->width = DEF_W;
		hdr->height = DEF_H;
		hdr->stride = DEF_W * 4;
		hdr->format = 0;
		hdr->timestamp_ns = now_ns();
		__sync_synchronize();
		*seqp = 0;
		printf("SEQ_ZEROED\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(mode, "test")) {
		unsigned char *dst = bar + FRAME_OFFSET +
				     sizeof(struct frame_hdr);
		size_t n = (size_t)DEF_W * DEF_H * 4;

		hdr->magic = HDR_MAGIC;
		hdr->version = 1;
		hdr->width = DEF_W;
		hdr->height = DEF_H;
		hdr->stride = DEF_W * 4;
		hdr->format = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < n; i += 4) {
			dst[i + 0] = (unsigned char)(argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2])
							      : 255);
			dst[i + 1] = (unsigned char)(argc > 3 ? atoi(argv[3])
							      : 0);
			dst[i + 2] = (unsigned char)(argc > 4 ? atoi(argv[4])
							      : 0);
			dst[i + 3] = 0xff;
		}
		hdr->timestamp_ns = now_ns();
		__sync_synchronize();
		*seqp = 1;
		printf("TEST_FRAME_PUBLISHED\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(mode, "find")) {
		/*
		 * Motion + content scan of the first 64 MB of BAR1 (the only
		 * window the vfio mdev mmap accepts). Sample 256 B of every
		 * 4 KB page over `passes` passes `interval_ms` apart; score
		 * pages by total differing bytes (motion) and by nonzero
		 * density (content). Rendering can be slower than one frame
		 * per second, so the interval defaults to 3 s and is
		 * configurable:  find [passes] [interval_ms]
		 */
		int passes = argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 3;
		int interval_ms = argc > 3 ? atoi(argv[3]) : 3000;
		size_t scan_size = map_size > CHUNK_MAX ? CHUNK_MAX : map_size;
		size_t pages = scan_size >> 12;
		unsigned char *s0, *s1, *tmp, *w;
		uint32_t *motion, *nz;
		size_t p, wlen;
		int top, pass;

		if (passes < 2)
			passes = 2;
		w = map_vram(vram_fd, scan_size, &wlen);
		if (!w) {
			printf("CHUNK_MAP_FAIL\n");
			return 1;
		}
		printf("SCAN_WINDOW 0x%zx pages=%zu passes=%d interval=%dms\n",
		       wlen, pages, passes, interval_ms);
		s0 = malloc(pages * 256);
		s1 = malloc(pages * 256);
		motion = calloc(pages, sizeof(uint32_t));
		nz = calloc(pages, sizeof(uint32_t));
		if (!s0 || !s1 || !motion || !nz)
			return 1;
		for (p = 0; p < pages; p++)
			memcpy(s0 + p * 256, w + (p << 12), 256);
		for (pass = 1; pass < passes; pass++) {
			struct timespec a, b;
			uint64_t moved = 0;

			usleep((useconds_t)interval_ms * 1000);
			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &a);
			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++)
				memcpy(s1 + p * 256, w + (p << 12), 256);
			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &b);
			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++) {
				unsigned char *x = s0 + p * 256;
				unsigned char *y = s1 + p * 256;
				uint32_t d = 0;
				int j;

				for (j = 0; j < 256; j++)
					if (x[j] != y[j])
						d++;
				motion[p] += d;
				moved += d;
			}
			printf("PASS %d moved_bytes=%llu dt=%.0fms\n",
			       pass, (unsigned long long)moved, t_ms(&a, &b));
			tmp = s0; s0 = s1; s1 = tmp;
		}
		/* nonzero density of the last sample */
		for (p = 0; p < pages; p++) {
			unsigned char *x = s0 + p * 256;
			uint32_t c = 0;
			int j;

			for (j = 0; j < 256; j++)
				if (x[j])
					c++;
			nz[p] = c;
		}
		report_cluster(nz, pages, 0, "FIND");
		/* per-16MB summary */
		for (i = 0; i + 4096 <= pages; i += 4096) {
			uint64_t s = 0, c = 0;
			size_t j;

			for (j = i; j < i + 4096; j++) {
				s += motion[j];
				c += nz[j];
			}
			if (s || c)
				printf("BLOCK off=0x%zx moving_bytes=%llu nonzero_bytes=%llu\n",
				       i << 12, (unsigned long long)s,
				       (unsigned long long)c);
		}
		for (top = 0; top < 16; top++) {
			size_t best = 0;
			uint32_t bs = 0;

			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++)
				if (motion[p] > bs) {
					bs = motion[p];
					best = p;
				}
			if (!bs)
				break;
			printf("HOT off=0x%zx score=%u\n", best << 12, bs);
			motion[best] = 0;
		}
		for (top = 0; top < 16; top++) {
			size_t best = 0;
			uint32_t bs = 0;

			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++)
				if (nz[p] > bs) {
					bs = nz[p];
					best = p;
				}
			if (!bs)
				break;
			printf("CONTENT off=0x%zx nonzero=%u\n",
			       best << 12, bs);
			nz[best] = 0;
		}
		printf("FIND_DONE\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(mode, "probe")) {
		/*
		 * Ground truth on what BAR1 access actually works: try mmap
		 * windows at several offsets/sizes and pread at several
		 * offsets, report each result. Read-only.
		 */
		struct {
			unsigned long long off, len;
		} mm[] = {
			{ 0,            64UL << 20 },
			{ 0,            256UL << 20 },
			{ 0,            4UL << 20 },
			{ 4UL << 20,    4UL << 20 },
			{ 64UL << 20,   64UL << 20 },
			{ 128UL << 20,  4UL << 20 },
			{ 192UL << 20,  4UL << 20 },
			{ 60UL << 20,   8UL << 20 },
		};
		unsigned long long po[] = {
			0, 0x100000, 4UL << 20, 60UL << 20,
			64UL << 20, 128UL << 20, 252UL << 20,
		};
		unsigned char buf[64];
		size_t k;

		for (k = 0; k < sizeof(mm) / sizeof(mm[0]); k++) {
			unsigned char *p;

			if (mm[k].off + mm[k].len > map_size) {
				printf("MMAP off=0x%llx len=0x%llx SKIP(>bar)\n",
				       mm[k].off, mm[k].len);
				continue;
			}
			errno = 0;
			p = mmap(NULL, (size_t)mm[k].len, PROT_READ,
				 MAP_SHARED, vram_fd, (off_t)mm[k].off);
			if (p == MAP_FAILED)
				printf("MMAP off=0x%llx len=0x%llx FAIL errno=%d\n",
				       mm[k].off, mm[k].len, errno);
			else {
				printf("MMAP off=0x%llx len=0x%llx OK first=%02x%02x%02x%02x\n",
				       mm[k].off, mm[k].len, p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
				munmap(p, (size_t)mm[k].len);
			}
		}
		for (k = 0; k < sizeof(po) / sizeof(po[0]); k++) {
			ssize_t r;

			errno = 0;
			r = pread(vram_fd, buf, 16, (off_t)po[k]);
			if (r != 16)
				printf("PREAD off=0x%llx FAIL r=%zd errno=%d\n",
				       po[k], r, errno);
			else
				printf("PREAD off=0x%llx OK %02x%02x%02x%02x\n",
				       po[k], buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3]);
		}
		printf("PROBE_DONE\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(mode, "findp")) {
		/*
		 * Same motion + content scan as `find`, but via pread so the
		 * whole 256 MB BAR is reachable (mmap stops at 64 MB).
		 *   findp [start_off] [size] [passes] [interval_ms]
		 */
		unsigned long long start = argc > 2 ?
			strtoull(argv[2], NULL, 0) : 0;
		unsigned long long size = argc > 3 ?
			strtoull(argv[3], NULL, 0) : map_size - start;
		int passes = argc > 4 ? atoi(argv[4]) : 3;
		int interval_ms = argc > 5 ? atoi(argv[5]) : 3000;
		size_t pages = size >> 12;
		unsigned char *s0, *s1, *tmp;
		uint32_t *motion, *nz;
		size_t p;
		int top, pass;

		if (passes < 2)
			passes = 2;
		if (start + size > map_size) {
			printf("RANGE_FAIL start=0x%llx size=0x%llx bar=0x%zx\n",
			       start, size, map_size);
			return 1;
		}
		printf("SCANP start=0x%llx size=0x%llx pages=%zu passes=%d interval=%dms\n",
		       start, size, pages, passes, interval_ms);
		s0 = malloc(pages * 256);
		s1 = malloc(pages * 256);
		motion = calloc(pages, sizeof(uint32_t));
		nz = calloc(pages, sizeof(uint32_t));
		if (!s0 || !s1 || !motion || !nz)
			return 1;
		for (pass = 0; pass < passes; pass++) {
			struct timespec a, b;
			uint64_t moved = 0;

			if (pass)
				usleep((useconds_t)interval_ms * 1000);
			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &a);
			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++) {
				unsigned char *dst = pass ? s1 : s0;
				ssize_t r = pread(vram_fd, dst + p * 256, 256,
						  (off_t)(start + (p << 12)));

				if (r != 256) {
					printf("PREAD_FAIL off=0x%llx r=%zd errno=%d\n",
					       start + (p << 12), r, errno);
					return 1;
				}
			}
			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &b);
			if (pass) {
				for (p = 0; p < pages; p++) {
					unsigned char *x = s0 + p * 256;
					unsigned char *y = s1 + p * 256;
					uint32_t d = 0;
					int j;

					for (j = 0; j < 256; j++)
						if (x[j] != y[j])
							d++;
					motion[p] += d;
					moved += d;
				}
				printf("PASS %d moved_bytes=%llu dt=%.0fms\n",
				       pass, (unsigned long long)moved,
				       t_ms(&a, &b));
				tmp = s0; s0 = s1; s1 = tmp;
			} else {
				printf("PASS 0 sampled dt=%.0fms\n",
				       t_ms(&a, &b));
			}
		}
		for (p = 0; p < pages; p++) {
			unsigned char *x = s0 + p * 256;
			uint32_t c = 0;
			int j;

			for (j = 0; j < 256; j++)
				if (x[j])
					c++;
			nz[p] = c;
		}
		report_cluster(nz, pages, start, "FINDP");
		for (i = 0; i + 4096 <= pages; i += 4096) {
			uint64_t s = 0, c = 0;
			size_t j;

			for (j = i; j < i + 4096; j++) {
				s += motion[j];
				c += nz[j];
			}
			if (s || c)
				printf("BLOCK off=0x%llx moving_bytes=%llu nonzero_bytes=%llu\n",
				       start + ((unsigned long long)i << 12),
				       (unsigned long long)s,
				       (unsigned long long)c);
		}
		for (top = 0; top < 16; top++) {
			size_t best = 0;
			uint32_t bs = 0;

			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++)
				if (motion[p] > bs) {
					bs = motion[p];
					best = p;
				}
			if (!bs)
				break;
			printf("HOT off=0x%llx score=%u\n",
			       start + ((unsigned long long)best << 12), bs);
			motion[best] = 0;
		}
		for (top = 0; top < 16; top++) {
			size_t best = 0;
			uint32_t bs = 0;

			for (p = 0; p < pages; p++)
				if (nz[p] > bs) {
					bs = nz[p];
					best = p;
				}
			if (!bs)
				break;
			printf("CONTENT off=0x%llx nonzero=%u\n",
			       start + ((unsigned long long)best << 12), bs);
			nz[best] = 0;
		}
		printf("FINDP_DONE\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(mode, "pub")) {
		unsigned long long off = argc > 2 ?
			strtoull(argv[2], NULL, 0) : 0;
		int frames = argc > 3 ? atoi(argv[3]) : 30;
		int fps = argc > 4 ? atoi(argv[4]) : 5;
		int w = argc > 5 ? atoi(argv[5]) : DEF_W;
		int h = argc > 6 ? atoi(argv[6]) : DEF_H;
		int pitch = argc > 7 ? atoi(argv[7]) : DEF_PITCH;
		unsigned long long need = off +
			(unsigned long long)(h - 1) * pitch +
			(unsigned long long)w * 4;
		size_t wlen = 0;
		unsigned char *wmap;
		int f, y, x;

		wmap = map_vram(vram_fd, map_size, &wlen);
		if (!wmap) {
			printf("WIN_MAP_FAIL len=0x%zx\n", wlen);
			return 1;
		}
		if (need > wlen) {
			printf("OFF_RANGE_FAIL need=0x%llx window=0x%zx\n",
			       need, wlen);
			return 1;
		}
		printf("PUB off=0x%llx frames=%d fps=%d %dx%d pitch=%d\n",
		       off, frames, fps, w, h, pitch);
		hdr->magic = HDR_MAGIC;
		hdr->version = 1;
		hdr->width = (uint32_t)w;
		hdr->height = (uint32_t)h;
		hdr->stride = (uint32_t)w * 4;
		hdr->format = 0;
		for (f = 0; f < frames; f++) {
			uint64_t t0 = now_ns();
			unsigned char *dst = bar + FRAME_OFFSET +
					     sizeof(struct frame_hdr);
			unsigned char *src = wmap + (size_t)off;

			for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
				unsigned char *s = src + (size_t)y * pitch;
				unsigned char *d = dst + (size_t)y * w * 4;

				for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
					d[4 * x + 0] = s[4 * x + 2];
					d[4 * x + 1] = s[4 * x + 1];
					d[4 * x + 2] = s[4 * x + 0];
					d[4 * x + 3] = 0xff;
				}
			}
			hdr->timestamp_ns = now_ns();
			__sync_synchronize();
			*seqp = (uint32_t)(f + 1);
			__sync_synchronize();
			printf("FRAME seq=%d ms=%.1f\n", f + 1,
			       (double)(now_ns() - t0) / 1e6);
			if (fps > 0)
				usleep((useconds_t)(1000000 / fps));
		}
		printf("FRAME_DONE frames=%d\n", f);
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(mode, "pubp")) {
		unsigned long long off = argc > 2 ?
			strtoull(argv[2], NULL, 0) : 0;
		int frames = argc > 3 ? atoi(argv[3]) : 30;
		int fps = argc > 4 ? atoi(argv[4]) : 5;
		int w = argc > 5 ? atoi(argv[5]) : DEF_W;
		int h = argc > 6 ? atoi(argv[6]) : DEF_H;
		int pitch = argc > 7 ? atoi(argv[7]) : DEF_PITCH;
		unsigned long long span = (unsigned long long)(h - 1) * pitch +
					  (unsigned long long)w * 4;
		unsigned long long base = off & ~0xfffULL;
		size_t len = (size_t)((off - base) + span);
		unsigned char *buf;
		int f, y, x;

		len = (len + 0xfff) & ~0xfffUL;
		if (off + span > map_size) {
			printf("OFF_RANGE_FAIL need=0x%llx bar=0x%zx\n",
			       off + span, map_size);
			return 1;
		}
		buf = malloc(len);
		if (!buf)
			return 1;
		printf("PUBP off=0x%llx frames=%d fps=%d %dx%d pitch=%d len=0x%zx\n",
		       off, frames, fps, w, h, pitch, len);
		hdr->magic = HDR_MAGIC;
		hdr->version = 1;
		hdr->width = (uint32_t)w;
		hdr->height = (uint32_t)h;
		hdr->stride = (uint32_t)w * 4;
		hdr->format = 0;
		for (f = 0; f < frames; f++) {
			uint64_t t0 = now_ns();
			unsigned char *dst = bar + FRAME_OFFSET +
					     sizeof(struct frame_hdr);
			unsigned char *src;
			ssize_t r = pread(vram_fd, buf, len, (off_t)base);

			if (r != (ssize_t)len) {
				printf("PREAD_FAIL off=0x%llx r=%zd errno=%d\n",
				       base, r, errno);
				return 1;
			}
			src = buf + (size_t)(off - base);
			for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
				unsigned char *s = src + (size_t)y * pitch;
				unsigned char *d = dst + (size_t)y * w * 4;

				for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
					d[4 * x + 0] = s[4 * x + 2];
					d[4 * x + 1] = s[4 * x + 1];
					d[4 * x + 2] = s[4 * x + 0];
					d[4 * x + 3] = 0xff;
				}
			}
			hdr->timestamp_ns = now_ns();
			__sync_synchronize();
			*seqp = (uint32_t)(f + 1);
			__sync_synchronize();
			printf("FRAME seq=%d ms=%.1f\n", f + 1,
			       (double)(now_ns() - t0) / 1e6);
			if (fps > 0)
				usleep((useconds_t)(1000000 / fps));
		}
		printf("FRAME_DONE frames=%d\n", f);
		return 0;
	}

	printf("USAGE: fbcopy_pub test|find|findp|pub|pubp "
	       "<off> [n] [fps] [w] [h] [pitch]\n");
	return 1;
}