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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Fixed search for RISC-V function prologues in GSP firmware ELF.
Handles the actual prologue patterns found.
"""
import struct
import json
import os
FWIMAGE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "gsp-570.144.fwimage.bin")
OUTPUT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
BASE_ADDR = 0x04000000
# Executable sections from memory_blocks.json (virtual addresses)
EXEC_SECTIONS = [
(0x04005000, 0x04006413), # .ga100_text
(0x04007000, 0x04008413), # .tu10x_text
(0x04009000, 0x04009073), # .bootstrap
(0x0400a000, 0x0400cfff), # .ga100_resident_text
(0x0400e000, 0x04010fff), # .tu10x_resident_text
(0x04018000, 0x0401cfff), # .section_task_init_elf_text_instance
(0x04c58000, 0x05b21fff), # .section_task_rm_elf_text_instance (MAIN - 15.5MB)
]
def read_binary(path):
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
return f.read()
def va_to_offset(va):
"""Convert virtual address to file offset."""
return va - BASE_ADDR
def is_in_exec_section(va):
"""Check if virtual address is in an executable section."""
for start, end in EXEC_SECTIONS:
if start <= va <= end:
return True
return False
def find_prologues(data, base_addr):
functions = []
# Pattern 1: Standard prologue with s0 frame pointer
# addi sp, sp, -N; sd ra, N-8(sp); addi s0, sp, N; ... ; ld ra, N-8(sp); addi sp, sp, N; ret
# The key signature: addi sp, sp, -N followed by sd ra, N-8(sp)
for i in range(0, len(data) - 8, 2):
va = base_addr + i
if not is_in_exec_section(va):
continue
if i + 8 <= len(data):
inst1 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i:i+4])[0]
inst2 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+4:i+8])[0]
# addi sp, sp, -imm (opcode=0x13, funct3=0, rd=2, rs1=2)
if (inst1 & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd = (inst1 >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1 = (inst1 >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd == 2 and rs1 == 2:
imm = (inst1 >> 20) & 0xFFF
if imm >= 0x800: # Negative immediate
stack_size = -(imm - 0x1000)
else:
continue # Not a stack allocation
# sd ra, offset(sp) (opcode=0x23, funct3=3, rs1=2, rs2=1)
if (inst2 & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3 = (inst2 >> 12) & 0x7
rs1_2 = (inst2 >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2 = (inst2 >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3 == 3 and rs1_2 == 2 and rs2 == 1:
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{va:08x}",
"offset": i,
"stack_size": stack_size,
"pattern": "std_prologue_ra"
})
continue
# Pattern 2: Compressed prologue
# c.addi sp, sp, -imm; c.sd ra, offset(sp)
for i in range(0, len(data) - 4, 2):
va = base_addr + i
if not is_in_exec_section(va):
continue
if i + 4 <= len(data):
inst1 = struct.unpack('<H', data[i:i+2])[0]
inst2 = struct.unpack('<H', data[i+2:i+4])[0]
# c.addi sp, sp, imm (rd'=2)
if (inst1 & 0xE003) == 0x6001:
rd_prime = (inst1 >> 7) & 0x7
if rd_prime == 2:
# c.sd ra, offset(sp) (rs1'=2, rs2'=1)
if (inst2 & 0xE003) == 0xE000:
rs1_prime = (inst2 >> 7) & 0x7
rs2_prime = (inst2 >> 10) & 0x7
if rs1_prime == 2 and rs2_prime == 1:
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{va:08x}",
"offset": i,
"pattern": "compressed_prologue"
})
continue
# Pattern 3: Full frame with s0
# addi sp, sp, -N; sd ra, N-8(sp); sd s0, N-16(sp); addi s0, sp, N
for i in range(0, len(data) - 16, 2):
va = base_addr + i
if not is_in_exec_section(va):
continue
if i + 16 <= len(data):
inst1 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i:i+4])[0]
inst2 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+4:i+8])[0]
inst3 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+8:i+12])[0]
inst4 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+12:i+16])[0]
# addi sp, sp, -N
if (inst1 & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd = (inst1 >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1 = (inst1 >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd == 2 and rs1 == 2:
imm = (inst1 >> 20) & 0xFFF
if imm >= 0x800:
stack_size = -(imm - 0x1000)
else:
continue
# sd ra, N-8(sp)
if (inst2 & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3 = (inst2 >> 12) & 0x7
rs1_2 = (inst2 >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2 = (inst2 >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3 == 3 and rs1_2 == 2 and rs2 == 1:
# sd s0, N-16(sp)
if (inst3 & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3_3 = (inst3 >> 12) & 0x7
rs1_3 = (inst3 >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2_3 = (inst3 >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3_3 == 3 and rs1_3 == 2 and rs2_3 == 8:
# addi s0, sp, N
if (inst4 & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd4 = (inst4 >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1_4 = (inst4 >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd4 == 8 and rs1_4 == 2:
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{va:08x}",
"offset": i,
"stack_size": stack_size,
"pattern": "full_prologue_s0"
})
continue
return functions
def main():
print(f"Reading firmware binary: {FWIMAGE_PATH}")
data = read_binary(FWIMAGE_PATH)
print(f"Binary size: {len(data)} bytes")
print("Searching for function prologues in executable sections...")
functions = find_prologues(data, BASE_ADDR)
print(f"Found {len(functions)} potential functions")
# Deduplicate by address
seen = set()
unique = []
for f in functions:
if f["address"] not in seen:
seen.add(f["address"])
unique.append(f)
# Sort by address
unique.sort(key=lambda x: x["offset"])
print(f"Unique functions: {len(unique)}")
# Save results
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/found_prologues_v2.json", "w") as f:
json.dump(unique, f, indent=2)
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/prologue_addresses_v2.txt", "w") as f:
for func in unique:
ss = func.get("stack_size", "?")
f.write(f"{func['address']} stack_size={ss} pattern={func['pattern']}\n")
print(f"Results saved to {OUTPUT_DIR}/found_prologues_v2.json")
# Group by pattern
by_pattern = {}
for func in unique:
p = func["pattern"]
if p not in by_pattern:
by_pattern[p] = []
by_pattern[p].append(func)
for pattern, funcs in by_pattern.items():
print(f"\n{pattern}: {len(funcs)} functions")
for func in funcs[:30]:
ss = func.get("stack_size", "?")
print(f" {func['address']} stack_size={ss}")
if len(funcs) > 30:
print(f" ... and {len(funcs) - 30} more")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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