spdx: add BSD-3-Clause identifiers to userspace/tools/scripts sources

Sweep of the 155 tracked C/Python/shell files under userspace/ (excluding
the MIT-licensed vendored userspace/extern/), tools/ and scripts/ that had
no per-file license identifier. Each gains the minimal two-line header in
the area's existing form: 'SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause' plus
'Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors'; shebang and coding lines stay
first. No other content touched. kernel/** is deliberately out of scope
(recorded as a follow-up in CODESTD-REPORT-2026-10-08.md): its SPDX
coverage and MODULE_LICENSE normalization need their own GPL-2.0 pass.

127 files changed, 254 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/benchmark_infrastructure.sh b/tools/benchmark_infrastructure.sh
index 606aa10..9efe06a 100755
--- a/tools/benchmark_infrastructure.sh
+++ b/tools/benchmark_infrastructure.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # benchmark_infrastructure.sh - Benchmark runner for VM vs bare metal comparison
 
 set -euo pipefail
diff --git a/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.c b/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.c
index 46ade02..fb1b924 100644
--- a/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.c
+++ b/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /*
  * NV2080 Control Command Sender
  * C program to send NV2080 RM control commands via ioctl
diff --git a/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.sh b/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.sh
index 22c7117..e432120 100755
--- a/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.sh
+++ b/tools/debug/nv2080_ctrl.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # NV2080 Control Command Tool
 # Sends NV2080 RM control commands to the NVIDIA kernel module via ioctl
 # Usage: ./nv2080_ctrl.sh <device_fd> <command> [params...]
diff --git a/tools/failure_analyzer.py b/tools/failure_analyzer.py
index 11351da..5fd6f67 100644
--- a/tools/failure_analyzer.py
+++ b/tools/failure_analyzer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 """
 failure_analyzer.py - Analyze and classify guest initialization failures
 Correlates host tracepoints, guest logs, and QEMU state
diff --git a/tools/firmware/verify_gsp_firmware.sh b/tools/firmware/verify_gsp_firmware.sh
index 79f474c..b5c6427 100755
--- a/tools/firmware/verify_gsp_firmware.sh
+++ b/tools/firmware/verify_gsp_firmware.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Verify GSP firmware for TU104
 # Usage: ./verify_gsp_firmware.sh
 
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/analyze_fwimage.py b/tools/ghidra/analyze_fwimage.py
index 5d98504..6cf8d24 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/analyze_fwimage.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/analyze_fwimage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 """
 Analyze GSP firmware .fwimage binary in Ghidra.
 Usage: python3 analyze_fwimage.py <fwimage_bin> <project_dir> <project_name>
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/analyze_gsp_firmware.sh b/tools/ghidra/analyze_gsp_firmware.sh
index b2e40d5..bf5d4f6 100755
--- a/tools/ghidra/analyze_gsp_firmware.sh
+++ b/tools/ghidra/analyze_gsp_firmware.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Full GSP firmware analysis pipeline
 # Usage: ./analyze_gsp_firmware.sh <firmware_bin> [output_dir]
 
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/create_gsp_project.py b/tools/ghidra/create_gsp_project.py
index 3f505f1..2d9a588 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/create_gsp_project.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/create_gsp_project.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 """
 Create Ghidra project for GSP firmware analysis.
 Usage: python3 create_gsp_project.py <firmware_bin> <project_dir> <project_name>
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/diff_gsp_firmware.py b/tools/ghidra/diff_gsp_firmware.py
index 8145982..f9ddaec 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/diff_gsp_firmware.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/diff_gsp_firmware.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 """
 Diff two GSP firmware versions.
 Usage: python3 diff_gsp_firmware.py <old_firmware> <new_firmware> <output_report>
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/gsp-fwimage-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py b/tools/ghidra/gsp-fwimage-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py
index 4992106..ad15d1e 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/gsp-fwimage-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/gsp-fwimage-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Ghidra script to do basic disassembly analysis of GSP .fwimage binary
 # Usage: analyzeHeadless ... -postScript basic_analysis.py
 
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/analyze_gsp_fwimage.py b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/analyze_gsp_fwimage.py
index 4a6fb56..083e01f 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/analyze_gsp_fwimage.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/analyze_gsp_fwimage.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Ghidra script to analyze GSP .fwimage binary
 # Usage: analyzeHeadless ... -postScript analyze_gsp_fwimage.py
 
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py
index 4992106..ad15d1e 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/basic_analysis.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Ghidra script to do basic disassembly analysis of GSP .fwimage binary
 # Usage: analyzeHeadless ... -postScript basic_analysis.py
 
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_fwimage.py b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_fwimage.py
index d8b0bfd..c9288ed 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_fwimage.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_fwimage.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Ghidra script to extract .fwimage section from GSP firmware ELF
 # Usage: analyzeHeadless ... -postScript extract_fwimage.py
 
diff --git a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_gsp_version.py b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_gsp_version.py
index ef44d7d..8e577f1 100644
--- a/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_gsp_version.py
+++ b/tools/ghidra/gsp-tu104-570.144/scripts/extract_gsp_version.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Ghidra script to extract version from .fwversion section of GSP binary
 # Usage: analyzeHeadless ... -postScript extract_gsp_version.py
 
diff --git a/tools/gr-regs/analyze_regs.py b/tools/gr-regs/analyze_regs.py
index b03aca4..a8227da 100644
--- a/tools/gr-regs/analyze_regs.py
+++ b/tools/gr-regs/analyze_regs.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 import collections, sys
 path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '/tmp/opencode/regs-m63.txt'
 cmp_mode = len(sys.argv) > 2 and sys.argv[2] == 'cmp'
diff --git a/tools/gr-regs/reg_sampler.py b/tools/gr-regs/reg_sampler.py
index 24c8296..8ed765e 100644
--- a/tools/gr-regs/reg_sampler.py
+++ b/tools/gr-regs/reg_sampler.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # reg_sampler.py - read-only BAR0 register sampler for GR/FECS/SKED ground truth.
 #
 # Purpose
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bp999.py b/tools/guest-diag/bp999.py
index ff7a23f..2729aac 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bp999.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bp999.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: break on the libcuda instructions that produce CUDA errors
 # 719 (0x2cf) and 999 (0x3e7), then print the stack that led there and the
 # error record the scanner reads (FUN_0054fa00 walks ctx[0x1291] -> +0x10 ->
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bp999v2.py b/tools/guest-diag/bp999v2.py
index 766bc3b..3bd9cd9 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bp999v2.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bp999v2.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: break at the 999/719 RETURN sites of the libcuda scanner
 # FUN_0054fa00 and dump the record values the scanner actually read (they are
 # still in its stack locals, so the host clearing the notification afterwards
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpwait.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpwait.py
index 9b708c8..d44fd32 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpwait.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpwait.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: catch the tracker-gate exit with a NONZERO dispatcher status and
 # dump the wait-entry array the gate polls. This names the wait that ends the
 # client's context-init spin (the value that becomes the CUDA error).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz.py
index 53d46a6..b61579a 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: name the silent-rollback 999 site in the cuCtxCreate path.
 #
 # Sites (file vaddr of libcuda.so.570.144; runtime = base + off):
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz10.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz10.py
index 30aa1da..7766103 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz10.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz10.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: name the first failing call inside FUN_003e90c0 (ucode-image
 # create, second half) after FUN_003d1e70 (blob parse) succeeded.
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz11.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz11.py
index 601a73d..2fb5c02 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz11.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz11.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: split FUN_00391ee0 (ucode-image registration, file 0x291ee0).
 #
 # PART 76 + bpz10 run: FUN_003e90c0's failing call is FUN_00391ee0, which
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz12.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz12.py
index 3a5767c..d4b4d8e 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz12.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz12.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: split FUN_00386b90 (ucode image section callback, file
 # 0x286b90) - bpz11 showed FUN_00386020 returned 1 from this callback.
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz13.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz13.py
index 6f2aa8f..3096f30 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz13.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz13.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: dump FUN_003e35f0 args at the call from FUN_00e0e970 (file
 # 0xd0e970 -> call site 0xd0eb65, caller return 0xd0eb6a).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz14.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz14.py
index 24302c9..b960676 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz14.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz14.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: dump the device-object TPC/SM count fields in the guest at the
 # FUN_003e3e80 call from FUN_00e0e970 (caller return 0xd0eae1).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz16.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz16.py
index c67175d..48b4a53 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz16.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz16.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: probe the guest's chip-info vtable call (ds->[0x4d38]) and the
 # 0xc48/0xc4c fields at the FUN_003e3e80 call from FUN_00e0e970.
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz18.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz18.py
index ed82084..7e955cd 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz18.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz18.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: trace the path through FUN_0042aec0 (GPU arch/config init) in
 # the guest, launched as `gdb --args /tmp/cdt` so early device-init code is
 # caught.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz19.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz19.py
index 9dfed68..82a9bd3 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz19.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz19.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: trace the path through FUN_0042aec0 (GPU arch/config init) by
 # attaching to a running cdt at the CDT_PAUSE (bpz18 variant).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz2.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz2.py
index 2d399ff..1058de5 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz2.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz2.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: capture the post-pump failure call in FUN_00374240 (ctx init).
 #
 # From the previous run: the engine event pump FUN_0031a3b0 returned 0
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz20.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz20.py
index cf8ee8c..d90bc20 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz20.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz20.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: catch the write that ZEROES ds+0xe94 after the CASE1 body set
 # it to 0x18. Run via run_cycle.sh gdb-launch (device init happens during
 # cuInit, before the CDT_PAUSE).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz21.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz21.py
index f9809a7..f56b066 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz21.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz21.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: dump param_2[] at FUN_00337e60 entry when called from
 # FUN_00550ff0 (file 0x450ff0). bpz20 showed FUN_00550ff0 -> FUN_00337e60
 # overwrites ds+0xe94 with param_2[0x23]; on the host that is 0x18 (24 TPC).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz3.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz3.py
index ae90f86..4528622 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz3.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz3.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: find the exact site that sets r14d=999 in FUN_00374240.
 #
 # Run #2 showed every post-pump call site up to 0x2755bf returning 0, then
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz4.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz4.py
index eca9618..69cb2b0 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz4.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz4.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: identify the vtable slot that returns 999 in ctx bring-up.
 #
 # Run #3 found the failing store at file 0x275cec: the indirect call at
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz5.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz5.py
index 568b2f2..d47968e 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz5.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz5.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: identify WHICH engine-setup hook returns 999.
 #
 # Run #4 named the target: file 0x4d1fa0 (the +0x4580 table slot) — an engine
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz6.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz6.py
index 7742da2..c515878 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz6.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz6.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: at the membar-WAR hook failure, read the device arch/impl and
 # test the FUN_0035a4d0(0x13, arch, rev) descriptor lookup in-process.
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz7.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz7.py
index 2294298..02f29ed 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz7.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz7.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: split the membar-WAR hook failure into lookup vs ucode-load.
 #
 # The remap table at file 0x3dc5b80 maps (chip=7,rev=5)->(7,0) (real Turing
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz8.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz8.py
index e0567e5..c44b028 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz8.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz8.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: localize the ucode-image load failure inside FUN_00e21850.
 #
 # Run #7: in the membar-WAR hook the descriptor lookup FUN_0035a4d0(0x13,7,5)
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bpz9.py b/tools/guest-diag/bpz9.py
index 06c5d96..bbed25f 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bpz9.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bpz9.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: split the failing ucode image create (FUN_003e99d0).
 #
 # Run #9: FUN_00e21850 -> FUN_003e99d0 returned 1 for the membar-WAR blob.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/bridge_sems.sh b/tools/guest-diag/bridge_sems.sh
index a024524..fee71ca 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/bridge_sems.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/bridge_sems.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # bridge_sems.sh - bridge the guest's own page table view into the host service.
 #
 # The emulation cannot (yet) translate the CUDA client's sysmem semaphores
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/ctx999.py b/tools/guest-diag/ctx999.py
index e5472c8..b99e455 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/ctx999.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/ctx999.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: catch where a hanging/failing cuCtxCreate goes.
 #
 # Arms the libcuda 999-scanner sites (FUN_0054fa00 entry/999/0x2cf returns)
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/cuda_cycle.sh b/tools/guest-diag/cuda_cycle.sh
index cc333fb..fed6e98 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/cuda_cycle.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/cuda_cycle.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # cuda_cycle.sh - one full CUDA bring-up attempt: restart the VM, push the
 # guest tools, start cdt holding on failure, wait for the 20 GR channels,
 # register/pin the completion counters, and arm the RM-error scanner so the
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/cycle_cdt.sh b/tools/guest-diag/cycle_cdt.sh
index 3aaa723..9fc5b69 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/cycle_cdt.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/cycle_cdt.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # cycle_cdt.sh - full test cycle: push tools, start cdt, inject the libcuda
 # tracker page mapping when the tracker wait is reached, poke UVM's tracker
 # when it stalls, and report where cdt ends up.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq.sh b/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq.sh
index 247bc91..e222d3c 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 /tmp/ptio /tmp/cdt > /dev/null 2>/tmp/tr.log
 n=$(grep -n 'req=0x25' /tmp/tr.log | head -1 | cut -d: -f1)
 echo "marker line: $n"
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq2.sh b/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq2.sh
index 8710fd9..28290eb 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq2.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/dbg_seq2.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 /tmp/ptio /tmp/cdt > /dev/null 2>/tmp/tr.log
 n=$(grep -n 'req=0x25' /tmp/tr.log | head -1 | cut -d: -f1)
 echo "=== controls AFTER register (line $n), first 40: ==="
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/dumpctx.py b/tools/guest-diag/dumpctx.py
index 983997e..4f433a3 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/dumpctx.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/dumpctx.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script (run with: sudo gdb -p <pid> -batch -x /tmp/dumpctx.py)
 # Dumps the libcuda client wait-loop context: the ctx object's queue/entry
 # array (ctx+0x10 = count, ctx+0x18 = array of 0x28-byte entries) plus each
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/gdb_now.sh b/tools/guest-diag/gdb_now.sh
index b58fe3d..4aa394e 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/gdb_now.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/gdb_now.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb_now.sh <pid> - attach gdb once immediately (root), dump all threads,
 # detach, CONT. Used when the host has seen the final RM control, so the
 # attach is timed to the post-control window instead of state sampling.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/guest_engines.c b/tools/guest-diag/guest_engines.c
index 10209e2..e04de76 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/guest_engines.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/guest_engines.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* guest_engines.c - query the guest client RM for the data UVM's register
  * path depends on: virtualization mode, subdevice count, ENGINE LIST,
  * CLASS LIST, CE caps and CE->PCE masks. Uses the NVOS64 serialized alloc
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/guest_kprobes.sh b/tools/guest-diag/guest_kprobes.sh
index d3db7b3..58c539a 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/guest_kprobes.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/guest_kprobes.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # guest_kprobes.sh - (re)install the UVM trace probes used by semfix_watch.py.
 # Runs in the guest as root; kprobes do not survive a guest boot, so this must
 # run after every VM restart.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pin_stream.py b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pin_stream.py
index 581dc9d..6c22e62 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pin_stream.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pin_stream.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # guest_pin_stream.py - stream the CUDA client's push-buffer VA->PA pairs to
 # the host over vsock, continuously and without the guest agent on the hot
 # path. Runs in the guest as root (pagemap reads).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap.py b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap.py
index 96b7ddc..e2622c4 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # guest-side helper: translate GPU/user VAs of a process through its pagemap.
 # Usage: sudo python3 guest_pmap.py <pid> <hex-va> [hex-va ...]
 import os
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_all.py b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_all.py
index 1a4df34..a1766c1 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_all.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_all.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # guest-side helper: dump present pages of the target's /dev/nvidia* mappings
 # as "va,pa" lines (root in the guest), starting at or above va-min and
 # stopping after max-pairs lines so the guest agent's output stays small.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_win.py b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_win.py
index 501e7bc..8732859 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_win.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/guest_pmap_win.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # guest_pmap_win.py - dump present pages of a process's VA range through the
 # guest's own pagemap (root in the guest). Batched reads (512 entries per
 # pread) so a 256 MB window takes about a second, not minutes.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/inject_counters.sh b/tools/guest-diag/inject_counters.sh
index 5ee60fd..5bec72a 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/inject_counters.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/inject_counters.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # inject_counters.sh - register the running CUDA client's per-channel GPU
 # completion counters with the host sema service (the PART 45/46 manual
 # procedure, made durable). The host then tracks each GR channel's consumed
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/inject_maps.sh b/tools/guest-diag/inject_maps.sh
index 6dcabb5..3f018db 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/inject_maps.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/inject_maps.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # inject_maps.sh - while cdt runs, collect pushbuffer/ring VAs from the host
 # dmesg (sema-chan entry logs) plus channel GPFIFO ring VAs, translate them
 # through the guest's own pagemap, and inject the VA->PA pairs into the
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/inject_tracker.sh b/tools/guest-diag/inject_tracker.sh
index 0a292e4..5438a6d 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/inject_tracker.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/inject_tracker.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # inject_tracker.sh - find the libcuda tracker slot the stuck cdt is polling,
 # translate its page through the guest pagemap, pin the mapping in the service.
 set -u
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/invd.py b/tools/guest-diag/invd.py
index 313daa3..5838947 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/invd.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/invd.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: read the device arch/impl and test the membar-WAR descriptor
 # lookup (FUN_0035a4d0) live on the parked cdt.
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/ioctl_trace.c b/tools/guest-diag/ioctl_trace.c
index 661636f..4835b10 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/ioctl_trace.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/ioctl_trace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* ioctl_trace.c - log the NVIDIA driver ioctls of a child process.
  *
  * libcuda issues raw syscall instructions, so LD_PRELOAD/ltrace never see
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/kret.sh b/tools/guest-diag/kret.sh
index 9ed1220..ba374f8 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/kret.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/kret.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # kret.sh - kretprobe the nvGpuOps* call chain in the guest's nvidia.ko and
 # capture return values while /tmp/cdt runs. Run with sudo.
 set -u
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/kretprobes.sh b/tools/guest-diag/kretprobes.sh
index a5357db..4945c51 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/kretprobes.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/kretprobes.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # kretprobes.sh - return-value probes for the UVM API entry points, so the
 # failing UVM operation names itself in the trace tail.
 TR=/sys/kernel/tracing
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/launch_qemu_rootport.sh b/tools/guest-diag/launch_qemu_rootport.sh
index 1ddcb92..d7ef097 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/launch_qemu_rootport.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/launch_qemu_rootport.sh
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 exec /bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -D /home/rmcore/.local/libvf.io/logs/qemu/e726ba0b-204f-4ec9-91da-983ed7f41d06-session.txt -no-hpet -mem-prealloc -qmp unix:/tmp/qemu-qmp.sock,server,nowait -chardev socket,path=/tmp/qemu-guest-agent.sock,server=on,wait=off,id=qga0 -device virtio-serial-pci -device virtserialport,chardev=qga0,name=org.qemu.guest_agent.0 -serial file:/tmp/vgpu-guest-serial.log -gdb tcp::1234 -display none -device ivshmem-plain,id=shmem0,memdev=ivshmem_kvmfr -object memory-backend-file,id=ivshmem_kvmfr,mem-path=/dev/shm/kvmfr-e726ba0b-204f-4ec9-91da-983ed7f41d06,size=128M,share=yes -device ivshmem-plain,id=shmem1,memdev=ivshmem_kvmsr -object memory-backend-file,id=ivshmem_kvmsr,mem-path=/dev/shm/kvmsr-e726ba0b-204f-4ec9-91da-983ed7f41d06,size=2M,share=yes -object memory-backend-file,id=pc.ram,size=4096M,mem-path=/dev/shm/vgpu-guest-ram,share=yes,prealloc=on -uuid e726ba0b-204f-4ec9-91da-983ed7f41d06 -machine pc-q35-4.2,accel=kvm,usb=off,vmport=off,dump-guest-core=off,memory-backend=pc.ram -cpu host,ss=on,vmx=on,pcid=on,hypervisor=on,arat=on,tsc-adjust=on,umip=on,md-clear=on,stibp=on,arch-capabilities=on,ssbd=on,xsaveopt=on,pdpe1gb=on,ibpb=on,amd-stibp=on,amd-ssbd=on,skip-l1dfl-vmentry=on,pschange-mc-no=on,hv-vapic,hv_time,hv-spinlocks=0x1fff,hv-vendor-id=null,kvm=on,topoext=on -rtc clock=host,base=localtime -m 4096 -smp cores=4,threads=1,sockets=1 -hda /home/rmcore/.local/libvf.io/kernel/linux.qcow2 --enable-kvm -device pcie-root-port,id=rp0,chassis=1,slot=30,bus=pcie.0 -device vfio-pci,id=hostdev0,bus=rp0,sysfsdev=/sys/bus/mdev/devices/<MDEV-UUID>,display=off -device rtl8139,netdev=net0 -netdev user,id=net0 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -net nic -device vhost-vsock-pci,guest-cid=50718 -qmp unix:/tmp/sockets/e726ba0b-204f-4ec9-91da-983ed7f41d06/main.sock,server,nowait -qmp unix:/tmp/sockets/e726ba0b-204f-4ec9-91da-983ed7f41d06/master.sock,server,nowait
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/memprobe.py b/tools/guest-diag/memprobe.py
index c2bab9f..f246476 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/memprobe.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/memprobe.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # memprobe.py - read/write another process's memory through /proc/<pid>/mem
 # (root only, no gdb/ptrace attach needed).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/nmi_catch.sh b/tools/guest-diag/nmi_catch.sh
index 3afa895..af46a23 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/nmi_catch.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/nmi_catch.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # nmi_catch.sh [rounds] [sleep] - trigger sysrq-l NMI backtraces and append a
 # compact summary of the nvidia frames seen in each round (guest side, root).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/oneshot_gdb.sh b/tools/guest-diag/oneshot_gdb.sh
index 9161ee4..c272acc 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/oneshot_gdb.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/oneshot_gdb.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # oneshot_gdb.sh <pid> - catch the client's USERSPACE spin (state R and
 # /proc/<pid>/syscall == "running"; a kernel busy-wait shows its syscall
 # number). Fires gdb ONCE, dumps all threads, detaches, CONTs.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pdwatch_cycle.sh b/tools/guest-diag/pdwatch_cycle.sh
index fe758fd..d1cbe41 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pdwatch_cycle.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pdwatch_cycle.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pdwatch_cycle.sh - TASK 2: watch every write landing in the root PD pages
 # 0x200000..0x204000 (and the 0x208000 table) through a full cdt2 run, with
 # the walk state sampled during the CP park and after completion.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/peek.c b/tools/guest-diag/peek.c
index 857afd0..7c959ec 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/peek.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/peek.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* peek.c - print RIP/RBX/RSP/RDI of every thread of a process (root).
    usage: peek PID [lo_off hi_off]   (offsets from the libcuda r-xp base)
    Flags threads whose RIP is inside [base+lo, base+hi) with SPIN. */
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/phys_claim_cycle.sh b/tools/guest-diag/phys_claim_cycle.sh
index e89fbfc..6ce7cff 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/phys_claim_cycle.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/phys_claim_cycle.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # phys_claim_cycle.sh - supervised physical-GPU claim/release cycle harness.
 #
 # Drives one or more full "D0 pre-lock" cycles of the physical-ownership
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pin_client_sems.sh b/tools/guest-diag/pin_client_sems.sh
index af39fd1..9d5cdac 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pin_client_sems.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pin_client_sems.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pin_client_sems.sh - bridge the CUDA client's device mappings into the
 # emulation for the live cdt process.
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_stream.py b/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_stream.py
index 7f8e4b8..aba3912 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_stream.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_stream.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pin_gr_stream.py - pin the CUDA client's GR push-buffer pages from a vsock
 # stream produced by guest_pin_stream.py (guest truth via /proc/<pid>/pagemap).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_window.py b/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_window.py
index 71f73d0..194ac9d 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_window.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pin_gr_window.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pin_gr_window.py - pin the CUDA client's GR push-buffer pages from guest
 # truth, per boot (host-side dev tool, no guest changes beyond the helper).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pin_miss_pages.sh b/tools/guest-diag/pin_miss_pages.sh
index fd7722a..34786ac 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pin_miss_pages.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pin_miss_pages.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pin_miss_pages.sh - adaptive tracker-sem pinner.
 #
 # Watches the host journal for "release miss va=0x..." lines, resolves those
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pin_sem_fast.sh b/tools/guest-diag/pin_sem_fast.sh
index 16cecc4..c4493f3 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pin_sem_fast.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pin_sem_fast.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pin_sem_fast.sh - low-latency tracker-sem pinner (2 s poll vs 15 s).
 #
 # Pins the client tracker-sem page (0x20400f000, covers 0x20400fec0..ff70)
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/pmap_va.sh b/tools/guest-diag/pmap_va.sh
index e5bcef4..dbe91df 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/pmap_va.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/pmap_va.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # pmap_va.sh <pid|name> <hex-va> [hex-va ...]
 # Push guest_pmap.py to the running VM and translate the VAs of the named
 # process through the guest's own pagemap (root in the guest).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/ptrace_ioctl.c b/tools/guest-diag/ptrace_ioctl.c
index 5f96b31..1762d4c 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/ptrace_ioctl.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/ptrace_ioctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* ptrace_ioctl.c - follow a child with PTRACE_SYSCALL and dump the buffer
  * results of selected UVM ioctls. Needed because libcuda issues raw syscall
  * instructions (LD_PRELOAD/ltrace never see these).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/push_guest_tools.sh b/tools/guest-diag/push_guest_tools.sh
index 9a45fd3..f19f30d 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/push_guest_tools.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/push_guest_tools.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # push_guest_tools.sh - (re)build the guest-side diagnostic binaries from the
 # sources kept in this directory. The guest's /tmp is wiped on boot, so run
 # this after every VM start; the sources here are the persistent copies.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/read_va.py b/tools/guest-diag/read_va.py
index fca3994..ef65672 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/read_va.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/read_va.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # read_va.py - dump a guest process's memory at a VA (GPU VAs of UVM sysmem
 # objects are usually also valid CPU VAs in the owning process).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/rmq_probe.c b/tools/guest-diag/rmq_probe.c
index 7554309..8acf1c3 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/rmq_probe.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/rmq_probe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* rmq_probe.c - minimal legacy-ioctl RM client to read device controls:
  *   0x800289 NV0080_CTRL_CMD_GPU_GET_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE
  *   0x800280 NV0080_CTRL_CMD_GPU_GET_NUM_SUBDEVICES
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/run_cycle.sh b/tools/guest-diag/run_cycle.sh
index 28ea18d..53ebf52 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/run_cycle.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/run_cycle.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # run_cycle.sh - one instrumented CUDA bring-up cycle with full capture.
 #
 # Recipe (PART 70 + PART 71): restart VM/module, push tools, install kprobes
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/run_traced.sh b/tools/guest-diag/run_traced.sh
index 009e20b..cb7228c 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/run_traced.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/run_traced.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # run_traced.sh - run cdt under the ioctl tracer, keep the libcuda tracker page
 # mapped (pagemap + sema_map_add) and poke UVM's tracking semaphore forward as
 # the sweep completes pushes, so the run reaches the rc=999 rollback where the
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/scan.c b/tools/guest-diag/scan.c
index d229dc8..1608ba0 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/scan.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/scan.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* scan.c - find the libcuda tracker objects in a process without ptrace.
    Tracker layout (object p): p+0x9418 submitted, p+0x9420 completed,
    p+0x9428 mirror, p+0x9430 sem object; sem object +0x10 -> sem VA (a
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/scan2.c b/tools/guest-diag/scan2.c
index 6220038..dfc1ae7 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/scan2.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/scan2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* scan2.c - find qwords whose value points into a /dev/nvidia* mapping of
    the target process, and report the u32 stored there (semaphore hunt).
    usage: scan2 PID [max_print] */
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/scan3.c b/tools/guest-diag/scan3.c
index 94f6a42..2683e89 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/scan3.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/scan3.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* scan3.c - scan all writable memory of a process for qwords equal to any
    of the given 64-bit needles; print every hit address.
    usage: scan3 PID 0xNEEDLE [0xNEEDLE ...] */
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/scanerr.py b/tools/guest-diag/scanerr.py
index 96c4170..cca649b 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/scanerr.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/scanerr.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script: at the libcuda error-scanner entry (FUN_0054fa00), walk the
 # context list and dump every non-zero RM error record (magic words,
 # errorClass at +0x8, shorts at +0xc/+0xe). The scanner is called often with
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/sem_counters.py b/tools/guest-diag/sem_counters.py
index 66af258..94a01f4 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/sem_counters.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/sem_counters.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # sem_counters.py - enumerate a guest process's per-channel GPU completion
 # counters (the u32 slots the client polls to observe push completion).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/sem_slots.py b/tools/guest-diag/sem_slots.py
index 70d184c..f405771 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/sem_slots.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/sem_slots.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # sem_slots.py - read or write the per-channel u32 completion counters of a
 # guest process (verification and fallback for the host's counter publish).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/semfix_uvmt.py b/tools/guest-diag/semfix_uvmt.py
index ba4f4f7..cf54445 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/semfix_uvmt.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/semfix_uvmt.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # semfix_uvmt.py - single-QMP tracking-semaphore/resolution watcher.
 #
 # One QMP client does everything semfix_watch.py and uvmt_poll.py did, because
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/semfix_watch.py b/tools/guest-diag/semfix_watch.py
index 0a2a6fb..049a612 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/semfix_watch.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/semfix_watch.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # semfix_watch.py - keep UVM VA->PA translations fresh from guest truth
 # (host-side dev tool, no guest changes).
 #
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/sempages.py b/tools/guest-diag/sempages.py
index f8d15b2..f74edb1 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/sempages.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/sempages.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Print the distinct pages of the semaphore VAs a process references
 # (reuses memprobe.py's scanner; run in the guest as root). The VA window is
 # derived from the process's /dev/nvidia* mappings unless lo/hi are given.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/stack_sampler.sh b/tools/guest-diag/stack_sampler.sh
index f210422..af6f57d 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/stack_sampler.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/stack_sampler.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # stack_sampler.sh - per-thread kernel stack sampler for the CUDA client.
 #
 # The client's failing wait is not always visible in strace: libcuda runs
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/state_log.sh b/tools/guest-diag/state_log.sh
index de3d6ed..aa5f0f6 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/state_log.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/state_log.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # state_log.sh <pid> - 200ms sampler of state/syscall/wchan for the whole run.
 PID="$1"
 : > /tmp/state.log
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/sysc_shim.c b/tools/guest-diag/sysc_shim.c
index 9b07e4c..e2ab6f0 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/sysc_shim.c
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/sysc_shim.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* sysc_shim.c - intercept syscall() so we can dump ioctl buffer *results*
  * for UVM ioctls (libcuda calls syscall(SYS_ioctl, ...) directly, so an
  * ioctl() wrapper is bypassed but syscall() is not).
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/track_waits.sh b/tools/guest-diag/track_waits.sh
index 54c4905..50d67c1 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/track_waits.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/track_waits.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # track_waits.sh - guest-side wait sampler: while a CUDA client (cdt) runs,
 # repeatedly dump the per-channel completion counters (values), the tracker
 # wait entries (trkinfo.py, every 2nd pass) and the push pages the host could
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/trkinfo.py b/tools/guest-diag/trkinfo.py
index 0d6d629..0b4498f 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/trkinfo.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/trkinfo.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # gdb script (run with: sudo gdb -p <pid> -batch -x /tmp/trkinfo.py)
 # Drills into the libcuda tracker wait: dumps every wait entry, the tracker
 # objects they reference (channel/context layout at p+0x9410 with the sem
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/uvm_rmmem_probe.sh b/tools/guest-diag/uvm_rmmem_probe.sh
index 15ad73f..9778689 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/uvm_rmmem_probe.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/uvm_rmmem_probe.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # uvm_rmmem_probe.sh - guest-side kprobe that dumps every UVM rm_mem mapping
 # as it is used: {type, CPU VA, GPU0 VA, GPU1 VA, size} for each call to
 # uvm_rm_mem_get_cpu_va. This is the ground truth for VA -> physical
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/uvmprobe.sh b/tools/guest-diag/uvmprobe.sh
index de7293c..fd26c63 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/uvmprobe.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/uvmprobe.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # uvmprobe.sh - guest-side: probe UVM's external-range/map API return statuses
 # while cdt runs, and capture UVM's own debug-print output.
 nvidia-modprobe -c 0
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/uvmt_poll.py b/tools/guest-diag/uvmt_poll.py
index d145e6c..668435a 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/uvmt_poll.py
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/uvmt_poll.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # uvmt_poll.py - poll the live state of the tracking semaphores the CUDA
 # client spins on, from the guest trace kptrs, via QMP (no guest agent
 # besides the trace read). Prints the payload word the client actually
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/uvmwait.sh b/tools/guest-diag/uvmwait.sh
index 06b2dc7..cb1fe69 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/uvmwait.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/uvmwait.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # uvmwait.sh - guest-side: run cdt with UVM debug prints on, and snapshot the
 # UVM tracker-wait messages early (before any teardown floods dmesg).
 nvidia-modprobe -c 0
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/vmcycle.sh b/tools/guest-diag/vmcycle.sh
index d3dcbec..8177300 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/vmcycle.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/vmcycle.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # vmcycle.sh - reload cycle for the emulated vGPU stack:
 #   stop QEMU -> remove mdevs -> rmmod/insmod vgsp.ko -> create a
 #   fresh mdev -> patch its UUID into the runtime launch script -> relaunch.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/vmrestart.sh b/tools/guest-diag/vmrestart.sh
index f94521c..62402ba 100755
--- a/tools/guest-diag/vmrestart.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/vmrestart.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # vmrestart.sh - stop QEMU, reload vgsp.ko from the tree, fresh mdev,
 # relaunch the vGPU VM. Everything bounded so a stuck step cannot hang the
 # caller.
diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/watch_ctx.sh b/tools/guest-diag/watch_ctx.sh
index 0968571..0af95ca 100644
--- a/tools/guest-diag/watch_ctx.sh
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/watch_ctx.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # watch_ctx.sh - guest-side watcher: (re)start cdt, snapshot the ioctl stream
 # (fd paths), attach gdb to the libcuda wait as soon as cuCtxCreate is reached
 # and POKE the per-entry trackers (p+0x9410+0x10/0x18 = 1) to test whether that
diff --git a/tools/guest_agent/guest_test_agent.py b/tools/guest_agent/guest_test_agent.py
index 15a578d..b659af1 100644
--- a/tools/guest_agent/guest_test_agent.py
+++ b/tools/guest_agent/guest_test_agent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 """
 guest_test_agent.py - Runs inside guest VM, executes tests, reports results
 Communication via vsock, serial, or HTTP
diff --git a/tools/guest_init_monitor.py b/tools/guest_init_monitor.py
index bc34a08..eb40e41 100644
--- a/tools/guest_init_monitor.py
+++ b/tools/guest_init_monitor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 """
 guest_init_monitor.py - Monitor guest kernel initialization for NVIDIA driver
 Correlates host tracepoints with guest dmesg/serial output
diff --git a/tools/module_ops/dry_run.sh b/tools/module_ops/dry_run.sh
index e6bb6f2..5ac6934 100755
--- a/tools/module_ops/dry_run.sh
+++ b/tools/module_ops/dry_run.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Run vGPU dry-run validation
 # Usage: sudo ./dry_run.sh
 
diff --git a/tools/module_ops/load_converged.sh b/tools/module_ops/load_converged.sh
index dbd090e..e83fcde 100755
--- a/tools/module_ops/load_converged.sh
+++ b/tools/module_ops/load_converged.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Load vGPU stack in converged mode
 # Usage: sudo ./load_converged.sh [dry_run]
 
diff --git a/tools/module_ops/unload_all.sh b/tools/module_ops/unload_all.sh
index 4c73a0b..6ceadea 100755
--- a/tools/module_ops/unload_all.sh
+++ b/tools/module_ops/unload_all.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Unload all vGPU modules cleanly
 # Usage: sudo ./unload_all.sh
 
diff --git a/tools/rmq/grctx_oracle.c b/tools/rmq/grctx_oracle.c
index a2fc5fa..aa4bd2d 100644
--- a/tools/rmq/grctx_oracle.c
+++ b/tools/rmq/grctx_oracle.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* grctx_oracle - query the host NVIDIA RM for the engine context buffer sizes.
  *
  * Goal: recover the table that GSP-RM serves for
diff --git a/tools/rmq/kmod/wpr2_reset_kmod.c b/tools/rmq/kmod/wpr2_reset_kmod.c
index 523fac7..1e46960 100644
--- a/tools/rmq/kmod/wpr2_reset_kmod.c
+++ b/tools/rmq/kmod/wpr2_reset_kmod.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* wpr2_reset_kmod - kernel module that clears GPU WPR2 registers via BAR0 ioremap.
  *
  * When nvidia.ko is unloaded without a clean GSP teardown, GSP firmware stays
diff --git a/tools/rmq/rmq.c b/tools/rmq/rmq.c
index 189d647..f179dbb 100644
--- a/tools/rmq/rmq.c
+++ b/tools/rmq/rmq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* rmq - query host NVIDIA RM via /dev/nvidia0 ioctls (oracle for TU104 static data) */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/tools/rmq/wpr2_reset.c b/tools/rmq/wpr2_reset.c
index 4435843..41e102f 100644
--- a/tools/rmq/wpr2_reset.c
+++ b/tools/rmq/wpr2_reset.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* wpr2_reset - clear GPU WPR2 registers via BAR0 MMIO to unstick GSP boot.
  *
  * When nvidia.ko is unloaded, GSP firmware can remain resident in WPR2
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/include/rm_api.h b/tools/rmtool/include/rm_api.h
index 5d7f8cf..8358597 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/include/rm_api.h
+++ b/tools/rmtool/include/rm_api.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* rm_api.h - minimal self-contained NVIDIA RM userspace client.
  *
  * ABI and control IDs mirror the NV570 SDK (nvos.h, ctrl2080*.h) but the
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/include/rmtool.h b/tools/rmtool/include/rmtool.h
index 55166f8..76dd583 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/include/rmtool.h
+++ b/tools/rmtool/include/rmtool.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* rmtool.h - internal shared declarations for rmtool commands and output. */
 #ifndef RMTOOL_H
 #define RMTOOL_H
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/engine.c b/tools/rmtool/src/engine.c
index c247e47..283856c 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/engine.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/engine.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* engine.c - rmtool engine list/info via read-only GPU/engine controls. */
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/gpu.c b/tools/rmtool/src/gpu.c
index ff9b26c..7db1353 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/gpu.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/gpu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* gpu.c - rmtool gpu list/topology/info: enumeration and identity queries. */
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/main.c b/tools/rmtool/src/main.c
index 4e4b440..79a34bb 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/main.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* main.c - rmtool entry point: command dispatch and global help/version.
  *
  * rmtool is a read-only host RM oracle for the Open-IOV accuracy loop. It
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/mem.c b/tools/rmtool/src/mem.c
index a85bd70..52a3e5a 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/mem.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/mem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* mem.c - rmtool mem stats: read-only FB/heap/BAR1 information.
  *
  * Allocation, mapping, pinning and arbitrary-handle inspection are
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/nv2080.c b/tools/rmtool/src/nv2080.c
index 5dd808e..0cf1cf1 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/nv2080.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/nv2080.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* nv2080.c - rmtool nv2080 class list / method call and sample.
  *
  * The generic control entry point is restricted to a read-only allowlist so
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/output.c b/tools/rmtool/src/output.c
index 6de5d02..289256c 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/output.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/output.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* output.c - table/JSON/CSV formatting helpers shared by rmtool commands. */
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/query.c b/tools/rmtool/src/query.c
index c9a7460..37cf3f8 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/query.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/query.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* query.c - shared read-only RM queries used by rmtool and rmtop. */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/tools/rmtool/src/rm_api.c b/tools/rmtool/src/rm_api.c
index 17fb48b..fd459cd 100644
--- a/tools/rmtool/src/rm_api.c
+++ b/tools/rmtool/src/rm_api.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* rm_api.c - RM ioctl client, GPU discovery and control plumbing.
  *
  * The ioctl ladder (root -> device -> subdevice) and NV_ESC_RM_CONTROL
diff --git a/tools/rmtop/include/rmtop.h b/tools/rmtop/include/rmtop.h
index 9335e89..0b55187 100644
--- a/tools/rmtop/include/rmtop.h
+++ b/tools/rmtop/include/rmtop.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* rmtop.h - state and rendering declarations for the rmtop dashboard. */
 #ifndef RMTOP_H
 #define RMTOP_H
diff --git a/tools/rmtop/src/main.c b/tools/rmtop/src/main.c
index b7985df..67ea4eb 100644
--- a/tools/rmtop/src/main.c
+++ b/tools/rmtop/src/main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* main.c - rmtop: ncurses real-time read-only GPU dashboard.
  *
  * Interactive mode needs a terminal; --once renders the same panels as plain
diff --git a/tools/rmtop/src/panel.c b/tools/rmtop/src/panel.c
index 9ad5ac8..63f21f1 100644
--- a/tools/rmtop/src/panel.c
+++ b/tools/rmtop/src/panel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* panel.c - rmtop sampling (read-only RM + /proc) and plain rendering. */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/tools/test/cuda_drv_test.c b/tools/test/cuda_drv_test.c
index 9501cb3..9c2bd21 100644
--- a/tools/test/cuda_drv_test.c
+++ b/tools/test/cuda_drv_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* cuda_drv_test.c - minimal CUDA driver-API smoke test (dlopen, no toolkit).
  *
  * Run inside the guest. Exercises the paths CUDA needs beyond NVML:
diff --git a/tools/test/cuda_drv_test2.c b/tools/test/cuda_drv_test2.c
index a3d3190..6d37f72 100644
--- a/tools/test/cuda_drv_test2.c
+++ b/tools/test/cuda_drv_test2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* cuda_drv_test2.c - minimal CUDA driver-API smoke test (dlopen, no toolkit)
  * with copy-path pause points for live inspection.
  *
diff --git a/tools/test/gpage_test.c b/tools/test/gpage_test.c
index 33d0c8d..1ad2212 100644
--- a/tools/test/gpage_test.c
+++ b/tools/test/gpage_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors */
 /* gpage_test.c - guest-page GPA probe for the physical-backend guest-memory path.
  *
  * Run as root inside the guest (plain gcc on Ubuntu 24.04, no CUDA).
diff --git a/tools/test/run_integration_tests.sh b/tools/test/run_integration_tests.sh
index 06e309c..5f97898 100755
--- a/tools/test/run_integration_tests.sh
+++ b/tools/test/run_integration_tests.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # GSP vGPU-IO Integration Test Runner
 
 set -e
diff --git a/tools/vm/launch_vgpu_qemu.sh b/tools/vm/launch_vgpu_qemu.sh
index 0355ef1..818f0bb 100755
--- a/tools/vm/launch_vgpu_qemu.sh
+++ b/tools/vm/launch_vgpu_qemu.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # QEMU launch script for NVIDIA vGPU testing
 # This script assumes:
 # 1. nvidia-vgpu-vfio.ko is loaded on host (with dry_run=1 for testing)
diff --git a/tools/vm/setup_mdev.sh b/tools/vm/setup_mdev.sh
index ef31f46..22bd943 100755
--- a/tools/vm/setup_mdev.sh
+++ b/tools/vm/setup_mdev.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Open-IOV contributors
 # Setup script for NVIDIA vGPU mdev device
 # This script creates an mdev device for QEMU testing