tools/vk + nvkmstrace: real-Vulkan probe stack for the emulated vGPU - vk_probe/vk_probe2 (ctypes loader probes: enumerate + create device/queue), vk_frame (headless Vulkan compute renderer: loads the NVIDIA ICD, paints a plasma into an RGBA8 storage image, reads it back to PPM and publishes frames into the kvmfr ivshmem BAR), vk_plasma.comp -> SPIR-V; nvkmstrace.c (LD_PRELOAD NVKMS ioctl logger that decoded the vkCreateDevice failure to ALLOC_DEVICE cmd=0). Measured: the NVIDIA device enumerates and its Vulkan ICD loads (2 ICDs: NVIDIA + llvmpipe); vkCreateDevice fails VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED because nvKmsAllocDevice returns non-success after the display shim

7 files changed, 1008 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/guest-diag/nvkmstrace.c b/tools/guest-diag/nvkmstrace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..411de6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/guest-diag/nvkmstrace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// nvkmstrace.c - LD_PRELOAD shim: log NVKMS_IOCTL_IOWR commands
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+struct nvkms_ioctl_params {
+	uint32_t cmd;
+	uint32_t size;
+	uint64_t address;
+};
+
+#define NVKMS_REQ 0xC0106D00UL
+
+static int (*real_ioctl)(int, unsigned long, ...);
+
+int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long req, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	void *arg;
+
+	va_start(ap, req);
+	arg = va_arg(ap, void *);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (!real_ioctl)
+		real_ioctl = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "ioctl");
+	if (req == NVKMS_REQ && arg) {
+		struct nvkms_ioctl_params *p = arg;
+		int rc;
+
+		rc = real_ioctl(fd, req, arg);
+		fprintf(stderr, "NVKMS_IOCTL cmd=%u size=%u addr=%p rc=%d\n",
+			p->cmd, p->size, (void *)(uintptr_t)p->address, rc);
+		if (p->address && p->size) {
+			unsigned char *q = (unsigned char *)(uintptr_t)p->address;
+			unsigned n = p->size < 64 ? p->size : 64, i;
+			fprintf(stderr, "  data:");
+			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr, " %02x", q[i]);
+			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		}
+		return rc;
+	}
+	return real_ioctl(fd, req, arg);
+}
diff --git a/tools/vk/vk_frame.c b/tools/vk/vk_frame.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b864ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/vk/vk_frame.c
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+/*
+ * vk_frame.c - headless Vulkan render probe for the vGPU guest.
+ *
+ * Creates a real Vulkan device on the NVIDIA ICD, runs a compute shader that
+ * paints an animated plasma into an RGBA8 storage image, copies the image to
+ * a host-visible buffer, saves a PPM, and (optionally) publishes each frame
+ * into the kvmfr ivshmem BAR in the frame_producer layout so the host can
+ * display it. No window system involved (pure headless), so it works even
+ * while the GL/GLX walls are being fixed.
+ *
+ * Usage: ./vk_frame [frames] [width] [height] [fps] [outdir] [publish]
+ * Build: gcc -O2 -o vk_frame vk_frame.c -lvulkan   (same glibc as the guest)
+ */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include "vk_plasma_spv.h"
+
+#define FRAME_OFFSET  0x100000UL
+#define HDR_MAGIC     0x4b564d46u
+
+struct frame_hdr {
+	uint32_t magic;
+	uint32_t version;
+	uint32_t width;
+	uint32_t height;
+	uint32_t stride;
+	uint32_t format;
+	uint32_t seq;
+	uint32_t reserved;
+	uint64_t timestamp_ns;
+};
+
+static uint64_t now_ns(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+	return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ull + ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+#define VKC(x)                                                            \
+	do {                                                              \
+		VkResult r_ = (x);                                        \
+		if (r_ != VK_SUCCESS) {                                   \
+			printf("VKFAIL %s -> %d (line %d)\n", #x, r_,    \
+			       __LINE__);                                 \
+			return 1;                                         \
+		}                                                         \
+	} while (0)
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int frames = argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 60;
+	uint32_t W = argc > 2 ? (uint32_t)atoi(argv[2]) : 640;
+	uint32_t H = argc > 3 ? (uint32_t)atoi(argv[3]) : 480;
+	int fps = argc > 4 ? atoi(argv[4]) : 10;
+	const char *outdir = argc > 5 ? argv[5] : NULL;
+	int publish = argc > 6 ? atoi(argv[6]) : 1;
+	VkApplicationInfo app = {0};
+	VkInstanceCreateInfo ici = {0};
+	VkInstance inst;
+	uint32_t ndev = 0;
+	VkPhysicalDevice devs[16];
+	VkPhysicalDevice phys = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	char picked[256] = "";
+	uint32_t nfam = 0, fam = ~0u;
+	VkQueueFamilyProperties fams[16];
+	VkDevice dev;
+	VkQueue queue;
+	VkImage image;
+	VkDeviceMemory img_mem;
+	VkImageView view;
+	VkBuffer buf;
+	VkDeviceMemory buf_mem;
+	VkShaderModule shader;
+	VkDescriptorSetLayout dsl;
+	VkPipelineLayout pl;
+	VkPipeline pipe;
+	VkDescriptorPool pool;
+	VkDescriptorSet dset;
+	VkCommandPool cpool;
+	VkCommandBuffer cb;
+	VkFence fence;
+	uint32_t i;
+	float prio = 1.0f;
+	VkDeviceSize imgsz = (VkDeviceSize)W * H * 4;
+	unsigned char *pix;
+	struct frame_hdr *hdr = NULL;
+	volatile uint32_t *seqp = NULL;
+	unsigned char *bar = NULL;
+	int bfd = -1;
+	int saved = 0;
+	uint64_t t_first = 0, t_last = 0;
+
+	setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+	app.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
+	app.pApplicationName = "vk_frame";
+	app.pEngineName = "vk_frame";
+	app.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
+	ici.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
+	ici.pApplicationInfo = &app;
+	VKC(vkCreateInstance(&ici, NULL, &inst));
+	printf("VKINSTANCE ok\n");
+
+	VKC(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst, &ndev, NULL));
+	if (ndev > 16)
+		ndev = 16;
+	VKC(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst, &ndev, devs));
+	printf("VKDEVS %u\n", ndev);
+	for (i = 0; i < ndev; i++) {
+		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties pp;
+
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devs[i], &pp);
+		printf("VKDEV %u: %s vendor=0x%04x\n", i, pp.deviceName,
+		       pp.vendorID);
+		if (pp.vendorID == 0x10de || strstr(pp.deviceName, "NVIDIA")) {
+			phys = devs[i];
+			snprintf(picked, sizeof(picked), "%s",
+				 pp.deviceName);
+		}
+	}
+	if (!phys) {
+		printf("VK_NO_NVIDIA\n");
+		return 2;
+	}
+	printf("VKPICK %s\n", picked);
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(phys, &nfam, NULL);
+	if (nfam > 16)
+		nfam = 16;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(phys, &nfam, fams);
+	for (i = 0; i < nfam; i++)
+		if ((fams[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT) &&
+		    fams[i].queueCount > 0) {
+			fam = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (fam == ~0u) {
+		printf("VK_NO_COMPUTE_QUEUE\n");
+		return 3;
+	}
+	{
+		VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo qci = {0};
+		VkDeviceCreateInfo dci = {0};
+
+		qci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
+		qci.queueFamilyIndex = fam;
+		qci.queueCount = 1;
+		qci.pQueuePriorities = &prio;
+		dci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
+		dci.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
+		dci.pQueueCreateInfos = &qci;
+		VKC(vkCreateDevice(phys, &dci, NULL, &dev));
+	}
+	printf("VKDEVICE ok family=%u\n", fam);
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(dev, fam, 0, &queue);
+
+	/* storage image */
+	{
+		VkImageCreateInfo ci = {0};
+		VkMemoryRequirements mr;
+		VkMemoryAllocateInfo ma = {0};
+
+		ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+		ci.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+		ci.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+		ci.extent.width = W;
+		ci.extent.height = H;
+		ci.extent.depth = 1;
+		ci.mipLevels = 1;
+		ci.arrayLayers = 1;
+		ci.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+		ci.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+		ci.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT |
+			   VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+		ci.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+		VKC(vkCreateImage(dev, &ci, NULL, &image));
+		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(dev, image, &mr);
+		ma.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+		ma.allocationSize = mr.size;
+		/* find a device-local memory type */
+		{
+			VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mp;
+			uint32_t k;
+
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(phys, &mp);
+			for (k = 0; k < mp.memoryTypeCount; k++)
+				if ((mr.memoryTypeBits & (1u << k)) &&
+				    (mp.memoryTypes[k].propertyFlags &
+				     VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT)) {
+					ma.memoryTypeIndex = k;
+					break;
+				}
+		}
+		VKC(vkAllocateMemory(dev, &ma, NULL, &img_mem));
+		VKC(vkBindImageMemory(dev, image, img_mem, 0));
+	}
+	{
+		VkImageViewCreateInfo ci = {0};
+
+		ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+		ci.image = image;
+		ci.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
+		ci.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+		ci.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+		ci.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+		ci.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+		VKC(vkCreateImageView(dev, &ci, NULL, &view));
+	}
+	/* host-visible readback buffer */
+	{
+		VkBufferCreateInfo ci = {0};
+		VkMemoryRequirements mr;
+		VkMemoryAllocateInfo ma = {0};
+
+		ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+		ci.size = imgsz;
+		ci.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+		ci.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+		VKC(vkCreateBuffer(dev, &ci, NULL, &buf));
+		vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(dev, buf, &mr);
+		ma.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+		ma.allocationSize = mr.size;
+		{
+			VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mp;
+			uint32_t k;
+
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(phys, &mp);
+			for (k = 0; k < mp.memoryTypeCount; k++)
+				if ((mr.memoryTypeBits & (1u << k)) &&
+				    (mp.memoryTypes[k].propertyFlags &
+				     (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
+				      VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT))) {
+					ma.memoryTypeIndex = k;
+					break;
+				}
+		}
+		VKC(vkAllocateMemory(dev, &ma, NULL, &buf_mem));
+		VKC(vkBindBufferMemory(dev, buf, buf_mem, 0));
+	}
+	/* shader + pipeline */
+	{
+		VkShaderModuleCreateInfo ci = {0};
+		VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding b = {0};
+		VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo dci = {0};
+		VkPushConstantRange pcr = {0};
+		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo plci = {0};
+		VkComputePipelineCreateInfo pci = {0};
+
+		ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
+		ci.codeSize = vk_plasma_spv_len;
+		ci.pCode = (const uint32_t *)vk_plasma_spv;
+		VKC(vkCreateShaderModule(dev, &ci, NULL, &shader));
+		b.binding = 0;
+		b.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
+		b.descriptorCount = 1;
+		b.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
+		dci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+		dci.bindingCount = 1;
+		dci.pBindings = &b;
+		VKC(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(dev, &dci, NULL, &dsl));
+		pcr.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
+		pcr.size = 16;
+		plci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+		plci.setLayoutCount = 1;
+		plci.pSetLayouts = &dsl;
+		plci.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
+		plci.pPushConstantRanges = &pcr;
+		VKC(vkCreatePipelineLayout(dev, &plci, NULL, &pl));
+		pci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
+		pci.stage.sType =
+			VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+		pci.stage.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
+		pci.stage.module = shader;
+		pci.stage.pName = "main";
+		pci.layout = pl;
+		VKC(vkCreateComputePipelines(dev, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pci,
+					     NULL, &pipe));
+	}
+	{
+		VkDescriptorPoolSize ps = {0};
+		VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo pci = {0};
+		VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo ai = {0};
+		VkDescriptorImageInfo ii = {0};
+		VkWriteDescriptorSet w = {0};
+
+		ps.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
+		ps.descriptorCount = 1;
+		pci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+		pci.maxSets = 1;
+		pci.poolSizeCount = 1;
+		pci.pPoolSizes = &ps;
+		VKC(vkCreateDescriptorPool(dev, &pci, NULL, &pool));
+		ai.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+		ai.descriptorPool = pool;
+		ai.descriptorSetCount = 1;
+		ai.pSetLayouts = &dsl;
+		VKC(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(dev, &ai, &dset));
+		ii.imageView = view;
+		ii.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
+		w.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
+		w.dstSet = dset;
+		w.dstBinding = 0;
+		w.descriptorCount = 1;
+		w.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
+		w.pImageInfo = &ii;
+		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(dev, 1, &w, 0, NULL);
+	}
+	{
+		VkCommandPoolCreateInfo ci = {0};
+
+		ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+		ci.queueFamilyIndex = fam;
+		VKC(vkCreateCommandPool(dev, &ci, NULL, &cpool));
+		VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo ai = {0};
+
+		ai.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+		ai.commandPool = cpool;
+		ai.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
+		ai.commandBufferCount = 1;
+		VKC(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(dev, &ai, &cb));
+	}
+	{
+		VkFenceCreateInfo ci = {0};
+
+		ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
+		VKC(vkCreateFence(dev, &ci, NULL, &fence));
+	}
+	if (publish) {
+		const char *bp =
+			"/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/resource2";
+
+		bfd = open(bp, O_RDWR | O_SYNC);
+		if (bfd >= 0) {
+			bar = mmap(NULL, 128UL << 20, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+				   MAP_SHARED, bfd, 0);
+			if (bar != MAP_FAILED) {
+				hdr = (struct frame_hdr *)(bar +
+							   FRAME_OFFSET);
+				seqp = &hdr->seq;
+				hdr->magic = HDR_MAGIC;
+				hdr->version = 1;
+				hdr->width = W;
+				hdr->height = H;
+				hdr->stride = W * 4;
+				hdr->format = 0;
+				printf("PUBLISH on\n");
+			} else {
+				bar = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!bar)
+			printf("PUBLISH off (BAR open/mmap failed)\n");
+	}
+	VKC(vkMapMemory(dev, buf_mem, 0, imgsz, 0, (void **)&pix));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < (uint32_t)frames; i++) {
+		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo bi = {0};
+		VkImageMemoryBarrier ib = {0};
+		VkBufferImageCopy bc = {0};
+		VkBufferMemoryBarrier bb = {0};
+		float pc[4];
+		uint64_t t0 = now_ns();
+		VkSubmitInfo si = {0};
+		uint32_t gw = (W + 15) / 16, gh = (H + 15) / 16;
+
+		VKC(vkResetCommandBuffer(cb, 0));
+		bi.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+		VKC(vkBeginCommandBuffer(cb, &bi));
+		ib.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
+		ib.srcAccessMask = 0;
+		ib.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT;
+		ib.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+		ib.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
+		ib.image = image;
+		ib.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+		ib.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+		ib.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cb,
+				     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
+				     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, 0, 0,
+				     NULL, 0, NULL, 1, &ib);
+		vkCmdBindPipeline(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipe);
+		vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cb, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pl,
+					0, 1, &dset, 0, NULL);
+		pc[0] = (float)i * 0.1f;
+		pc[1] = (float)W;
+		pc[2] = (float)H;
+		pc[3] = 0.0f;
+		vkCmdPushConstants(cb, pl, VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT, 0, 16,
+				   pc);
+		vkCmdDispatch(cb, gw, gh, 1);
+		ib.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT;
+		ib.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
+		ib.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
+		ib.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
+		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cb,
+				     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
+				     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0, 0, NULL,
+				     0, NULL, 1, &ib);
+		bc.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+		bc.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
+		bc.imageExtent.width = W;
+		bc.imageExtent.height = H;
+		bc.imageExtent.depth = 1;
+		vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer(cb, image,
+				       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
+				       buf, 1, &bc);
+		bb.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
+		bb.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
+		bb.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT;
+		bb.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+		bb.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+		bb.buffer = buf;
+		bb.size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
+		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cb, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+				     VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT, 0, 0, NULL, 1,
+				     &bb, 0, NULL);
+		VKC(vkEndCommandBuffer(cb));
+		si.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
+		si.commandBufferCount = 1;
+		si.pCommandBuffers = &cb;
+		VKC(vkResetFences(dev, 1, &fence));
+		VKC(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &si, fence));
+		VKC(vkWaitForFences(dev, 1, &fence, VK_TRUE, 30000000000ull));
+		vkUnmapMemory(dev, buf_mem);
+		vkMapMemory(dev, buf_mem, 0, imgsz, 0, (void **)&pix);
+
+		if (outdir) {
+			char path[512];
+			FILE *f;
+
+			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/vk-%04d.ppm",
+				 outdir, i + 1);
+			f = fopen(path, "wb");
+			if (f) {
+				unsigned char *d = malloc((size_t)W * H * 3);
+				uint32_t p;
+
+				for (p = 0; p < W * H; p++) {
+					d[p * 3 + 0] = pix[p * 4 + 0];
+					d[p * 3 + 1] = pix[p * 4 + 1];
+					d[p * 3 + 2] = pix[p * 4 + 2];
+				}
+				fprintf(f, "P6\n%u %u\n255\n", W, H);
+				fwrite(d, 1, (size_t)W * H * 3, f);
+				fclose(f);
+				free(d);
+				saved++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (bar) {
+			memcpy(bar + FRAME_OFFSET + sizeof(struct frame_hdr),
+			       pix, imgsz);
+			hdr->timestamp_ns = now_ns();
+			__sync_synchronize();
+			*seqp = (uint32_t)(i + 1);
+			__sync_synchronize();
+		}
+		if (!t_first)
+			t_first = t0;
+		t_last = t0;
+		if (i < 5 || (i % 30) == 29)
+			printf("VKFRAME seq=%d ms=%.1f\n", i + 1,
+			       (double)(now_ns() - t0) / 1e6);
+		if (fps > 0)
+			usleep((useconds_t)(1000000 / fps));
+	}
+	if (t_first && t_last > t_first)
+		printf("VKFRAME_RATE fps=%.2f frames=%d\n",
+		       (double)(i - 1) * 1e9 / (double)(t_last - t_first), i);
+	printf("VKFRAME_DONE frames=%d %ux%u saved=%d\n", i, W, H, saved);
+	vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev);
+	printf("VKFRAME_IDLE ok\n");
+	return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/vk/vk_plasma.comp b/tools/vk/vk_plasma.comp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe6b3ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/vk/vk_plasma.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+// vk_plasma.comp - compute-shader frame painter for the Vulkan guest test.
+#version 450
+layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 16) in;
+layout(set = 0, binding = 0, rgba8) uniform writeonly image2D fb;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { float t; float w; float h; float pad; } pc;
+void main() {
+    ivec2 p = ivec2(gl_GlobalInvocationID.xy);
+    if (p.x >= int(pc.w) || p.y >= int(pc.h))
+        return;
+    vec2 uv = vec2(p) / vec2(pc.w, pc.h);
+    float v = sin(uv.x * 12.0 + pc.t * 2.0) * cos(uv.y * 9.0 - pc.t * 1.7);
+    float r = 0.5 + 0.5 * sin(pc.t + uv.x * 6.2831);
+    float g = 0.5 + 0.5 * sin(pc.t * 1.3 + uv.y * 6.2831);
+    float b = 0.5 + 0.5 * v;
+    imageStore(fb, p, vec4(r, g, b, 1.0));
+}
diff --git a/tools/vk/vk_plasma.spv b/tools/vk/vk_plasma.spv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c12b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/vk/vk_plasma.spv
diff --git a/tools/vk/vk_plasma_spv.h b/tools/vk/vk_plasma_spv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49c16f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/vk/vk_plasma_spv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+unsigned char vk_plasma_spv[] = {
+  0x03, 0x02, 0x23, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
+  0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x47, 0x4c, 0x53, 0x4c, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xc2, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x6d, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
+  0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x5f, 0x47, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x61,
+  0x6c, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x76, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x49,
+  0x44, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x50, 0x43, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x61, 0x64, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x75, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x53, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x72, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x6b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x47, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x48, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x48, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x7b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x14, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x19, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x41, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x4a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x41, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9a, 0x99, 0xd9, 0x3f,
+  0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x0f, 0xc9, 0x40, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0xa6, 0x3f,
+  0x19, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x6f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x6f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x3f,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x7a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00,
+  0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x7a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4f, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x6e, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaf, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xa8, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+  0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x25, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x25, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x2a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaf, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x2a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xf8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf5, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00,
+  0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xf7, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xfa, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x2e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xfd, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x2e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6f, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x35, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x35, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x27, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x43, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x45, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x43, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x44, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x45, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0c, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x49, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x4d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x4e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0c, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x51, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x47, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x51, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x58, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x0c, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x5d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x5e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x41, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x32, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x65, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x65, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x67, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x69, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x81, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x69, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x85, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x6d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x6b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x6f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x72, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x53, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+  0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x50, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x79, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x75, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x63, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x72, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x79, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+  0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
+};
+unsigned int vk_plasma_spv_len = 2800;
diff --git a/tools/vk/vk_probe.py b/tools/vk/vk_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3113c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/vk/vk_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# vk_probe.py - enumerate real Vulkan physical devices via the loader (ctypes,
+# no dev headers needed). Prints one DEV line per physical device.
+import ctypes
+import sys
+
+VK_SUCCESS = 0
+VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO = 0
+VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO = 1
+VK_API_VERSION_1_2 = (1 << 22) | (2 << 12)
+
+try:
+    vulkan = ctypes.CDLL("libvulkan.so.1")
+except OSError as e:
+    print("LOAD_FAIL %s" % e)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class VkApplicationInfo(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("sType", ctypes.c_int),
+        ("pNext", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("pApplicationName", ctypes.c_char_p),
+        ("applicationVersion", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("pEngineName", ctypes.c_char_p),
+        ("engineVersion", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("apiVersion", ctypes.c_uint32),
+    ]
+
+
+class VkInstanceCreateInfo(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("sType", ctypes.c_int),
+        ("pNext", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("flags", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("pApplicationInfo", ctypes.POINTER(VkApplicationInfo)),
+        ("enabledLayerCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("ppEnabledLayerNames", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("enabledExtensionCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("ppEnabledExtensionNames", ctypes.c_void_p),
+    ]
+
+
+app = VkApplicationInfo(
+    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO, None, b"vk_probe", 1, b"vk_probe", 1,
+    VK_API_VERSION_1_2)
+ci = VkInstanceCreateInfo(
+    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO, None, 0, ctypes.pointer(app), 0,
+    None, 0, None)
+inst = ctypes.c_void_p()
+r = vulkan.vkCreateInstance(ctypes.byref(ci), None, ctypes.byref(inst))
+print("vkCreateInstance rc=%d (0x%x)" % (r, r & 0xfffffffff if r < 0 else r))
+if r != VK_SUCCESS:
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+n = ctypes.c_uint32(0)
+r = vulkan.vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst, ctypes.byref(n), None)
+print("vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices rc=%d count=%d" % (r, n.value))
+if r != VK_SUCCESS or n.value == 0:
+    sys.exit(2)
+
+devs = (ctypes.c_void_p * n.value)()
+r = vulkan.vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst, ctypes.byref(n), devs)
+ok = 0
+for i in range(n.value):
+    buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096)
+    vulkan.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devs[i], buf)
+    raw = buf.raw
+    api = int.from_bytes(raw[0:4], "little")
+    drv = int.from_bytes(raw[4:8], "little")
+    vendor = int.from_bytes(raw[8:12], "little")
+    devid = int.from_bytes(raw[12:16], "little")
+    dtype = int.from_bytes(raw[16:20], "little")
+    name = raw[20:20 + 256].split(b"\x00")[0].decode("utf-8", "replace")
+    print("DEV %d: %s vendor=0x%04x device=0x%04x type=%d api=%d.%d.%d drv=%d"
+          % (i, name, vendor, devid, dtype, api >> 22,
+             (api >> 12) & 0x3ff, api & 0xfff, drv))
+    if vendor == 0x10de:
+        ok = 1
+print("VK_NVIDIA=%d" % ok)
+sys.exit(0 if ok else 3)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/vk/vk_probe2.py b/tools/vk/vk_probe2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..557b888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/vk/vk_probe2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# vk_probe2.py - Vulkan probe stage 2: create a logical device + queue on the
+# NVIDIA physical device. Prints the queue-family table and the create
+# result. ctypes only, no dev headers.
+import ctypes
+import sys
+
+VK_SUCCESS = 0
+VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO = 0
+VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO = 1
+VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO = 2
+VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO = 3
+VK_API_VERSION_1_2 = (1 << 22) | (2 << 12)
+
+vulkan = ctypes.CDLL("libvulkan.so.1")
+
+
+class VkApplicationInfo(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("sType", ctypes.c_int),
+        ("pNext", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("pApplicationName", ctypes.c_char_p),
+        ("applicationVersion", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("pEngineName", ctypes.c_char_p),
+        ("engineVersion", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("apiVersion", ctypes.c_uint32),
+    ]
+
+
+class VkInstanceCreateInfo(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("sType", ctypes.c_int),
+        ("pNext", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("flags", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("pApplicationInfo", ctypes.POINTER(VkApplicationInfo)),
+        ("enabledLayerCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("ppEnabledLayerNames", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("enabledExtensionCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("ppEnabledExtensionNames", ctypes.c_void_p),
+    ]
+
+
+class VkQueueFamilyProperties(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("queueFlags", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("queueCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("timestampValidBits", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("minImageTransferGranularity", ctypes.c_uint8 * 12),
+    ]
+
+
+class VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("sType", ctypes.c_int),
+        ("pNext", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("flags", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("queueFamilyIndex", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("queueCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("pQueuePriorities", ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_float)),
+    ]
+
+
+class VkDeviceCreateInfo(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("sType", ctypes.c_int),
+        ("pNext", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("flags", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("queueCreateInfoCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("pQueueCreateInfos", ctypes.POINTER(VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo)),
+        ("enabledLayerCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("ppEnabledLayerNames", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("enabledExtensionCount", ctypes.c_uint32),
+        ("ppEnabledExtensionNames", ctypes.c_void_p),
+        ("pEnabledFeatures", ctypes.c_void_p),
+    ]
+
+
+app = VkApplicationInfo(VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO, None, b"vk_probe2",
+                        1, b"vk_probe2", 1, VK_API_VERSION_1_2)
+ci = VkInstanceCreateInfo(VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO, None, 0,
+                          ctypes.pointer(app), 0, None, 0, None)
+inst = ctypes.c_void_p()
+r = vulkan.vkCreateInstance(ctypes.byref(ci), None, ctypes.byref(inst))
+print("INSTANCE rc=%d" % r)
+if r != 0:
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+n = ctypes.c_uint32(0)
+vulkan.vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst, ctypes.byref(n), None)
+devs = (ctypes.c_void_p * n.value)()
+vulkan.vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst, ctypes.byref(n), devs)
+
+# pick the NVIDIA device by name
+best = None
+for i in range(n.value):
+    buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096)
+    vulkan.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devs[i], buf)
+    raw = buf.raw
+    name = raw[20:276].split(b"\x00")[0].decode("utf-8", "replace")
+    print("PROPS dev=%d head=%s name=%r" % (i, raw[:40].hex(), name))
+    if "NVIDIA" in name or "llvmpipe" in name:
+        if "NVIDIA" in name:
+            best = devs[i]
+            print("PICK NVIDIA dev=%d name=%s" % (i, name))
+            break
+if best is None:
+    print("NO_NVIDIA")
+    sys.exit(2)
+
+nfam = ctypes.c_uint32(0)
+vulkan.vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(best, ctypes.byref(nfam),
+                                                None)
+fams = (VkQueueFamilyProperties * nfam.value)()
+vulkan.vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(best, ctypes.byref(nfam),
+                                                fams)
+gfam = None
+for j in range(nfam.value):
+    print("QFAM %d flags=0x%x count=%d" % (j, fams[j].queueFlags,
+                                           fams[j].queueCount))
+    if (fams[j].queueFlags & 0x1) and fams[j].queueCount > 0 and gfam is None:
+        gfam = j
+if gfam is None:
+    print("NO_GRAPHICS_QUEUE")
+    sys.exit(3)
+prio = ctypes.c_float(1.0)
+qci = VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo(VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+                              None, 0, gfam, 1, ctypes.pointer(prio))
+dci = VkDeviceCreateInfo(VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO, None, 0, 1,
+                         ctypes.pointer(qci), 0, None, 0, None, None)
+dev = ctypes.c_void_p()
+r = vulkan.vkCreateDevice(best, ctypes.byref(dci), None, ctypes.byref(dev))
+print("vkCreateDevice rc=%d (0x%x)" % (r, r if r < 0 else 0))
+if r != 0:
+    sys.exit(4)
+queue = ctypes.c_void_p()
+vulkan.vkGetDeviceQueue(dev, gfam, 0, ctypes.byref(queue))
+print("QUEUE device=%s queue=%s" % (bool(dev), bool(queue)))
+# optional: wait-idle (exercises the queue)
+vulkan.vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev)
+print("VK2_DEVICE_OK")
+sys.exit(0)
\ No newline at end of file