1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Enhanced RISC-V function finder for GSP firmware.
Searches for multiple prologue patterns.
"""
import struct
import json
FWIMAGE_PATH = "$OPEN_IOV_ROOT/firmware/570-GSP/gsp-570.144.fwimage.bin"
OUTPUT_DIR = "$OPEN_IOV_ROOT/firmware/570-GSP"
BASE_ADDR = 0x04000000
def read_binary(path):
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
return f.read()
def find_functions(data, base_addr):
functions = []
# Pattern 1: Standard 32-bit prologue
# addi sp, sp, -imm (opcode=0x13, funct3=0, rd=2, rs1=2)
# sd ra, offset(sp) (opcode=0x23, funct3=3, rs1=2, rs2=1)
for i in range(0, len(data) - 8, 2):
if i + 8 <= len(data):
inst1 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i:i+4])[0]
inst2 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+4:i+8])[0]
# addi sp, sp, -imm
if (inst1 & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd = (inst1 >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1 = (inst1 >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd == 2 and rs1 == 2:
imm = (inst1 >> 20) & 0xFFF
if imm >= 0x800:
imm = imm - 0x1000
# sd ra, offset(sp)
if (inst2 & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3 = (inst2 >> 12) & 0x7
rs1_2 = (inst2 >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2 = (inst2 >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3 == 3 and rs1_2 == 2 and rs2 == 1:
addr = base_addr + i
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{addr:08x}",
"offset": i,
"stack_size": -imm,
"pattern": "std_prologue_addi_sd"
})
continue
# Pattern 2: Compressed prologue
# c.addi sp, sp, imm
# c.sd ra, offset(sp)
for i in range(0, len(data) - 4, 2):
if i + 4 <= len(data):
inst1 = struct.unpack('<H', data[i:i+2])[0]
inst2 = struct.unpack('<H', data[i+2:i+4])[0]
# c.addi sp, sp, imm
if (inst1 & 0xE003) == 0x6001:
rd_prime = (inst1 >> 7) & 0x7
if rd_prime == 2:
# c.sd ra, offset(sp)
if (inst2 & 0xE003) == 0xE000:
rs1_prime = (inst2 >> 7) & 0x7
rs2_prime = (inst2 >> 10) & 0x7
if rs1_prime == 2 and rs2_prime == 1:
addr = base_addr + i
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{addr:08x}",
"offset": i,
"pattern": "compressed_prologue"
})
continue
# Pattern 3: Standard prologue with s0 save
# addi sp, sp, -N; sd ra, N-8(sp); sd s0, N-16(sp); addi s0, sp, N
for i in range(0, len(data) - 16, 2):
if i + 16 <= len(data):
inst1 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i:i+4])[0]
inst2 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+4:i+8])[0]
inst3 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+8:i+12])[0]
inst4 = struct.unpack('<I', data[i+12:i+16])[0]
# addi sp, sp, -N
if (inst1 & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd = (inst1 >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1 = (inst1 >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd == 2 and rs1 == 2:
imm = (inst1 >> 20) & 0xFFF
if imm >= 0x800:
imm = imm - 0x1000
# sd ra, N-8(sp)
if (inst2 & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3 = (inst2 >> 12) & 0x7
rs1_2 = (inst2 >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2 = (inst2 >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3 == 3 and rs1_2 == 2 and rs2 == 1:
# sd s0, N-16(sp)
if (inst3 & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3_3 = (inst3 >> 12) & 0x7
rs1_3 = (inst3 >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2_3 = (inst3 >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3_3 == 3 and rs1_3 == 2 and rs2_3 == 8: # s0 = x8
# addi s0, sp, N
if (inst4 & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd4 = (inst4 >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1_4 = (inst4 >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd4 == 8 and rs1_4 == 2:
addr = base_addr + i
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{addr:08x}",
"offset": i,
"stack_size": -imm,
"pattern": "full_prologue_ra_s0"
})
continue
# Pattern 4: Just sd ra, offset(sp) followed by code
# Many functions might just save ra
for i in range(0, len(data) - 4, 2):
if i + 4 <= len(data):
inst = struct.unpack('<I', data[i:i+4])[0]
# sd ra, offset(sp)
if (inst & 0x707F) == 0x23:
funct3 = (inst >> 12) & 0x7
rs1 = (inst >> 15) & 0x1F
rs2 = (inst >> 20) & 0x1F
if funct3 == 3 and rs1 == 2 and rs2 == 1:
# Check if previous instruction was addi sp, sp (within 8 bytes)
has_addi_sp = False
stack_size = 0
for j in range(max(0, i-8), i, 2):
if j >= 0:
prev = struct.unpack('<I', data[j:j+4])[0]
if (prev & 0x707F) == 0x0013:
rd = (prev >> 7) & 0x1F
rs1_p = (prev >> 15) & 0x1F
if rd == 2 and rs1_p == 2:
imm = (prev >> 20) & 0xFFF
if imm >= 0x800:
imm = imm - 0x1000
has_addi_sp = True
stack_size = -imm
break
if has_addi_sp:
addr = base_addr + i
# Avoid duplicates
dup = False
for f in functions:
if f["offset"] == i:
dup = True
break
if not dup:
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{addr:08x}",
"offset": i,
"stack_size": stack_size,
"pattern": "sd_ra_with_addi_sp"
})
# Pattern 5: Jump/return instructions that might indicate function boundaries
# ret = jalr zero, 0(ra) = 0x00008067
# jr ra = jalr zero, 0(ra) (same)
for i in range(0, len(data) - 4, 2):
if i + 4 <= len(data):
inst = struct.unpack('<I', data[i:i+4])[0]
if inst == 0x00008067: # ret / jalr zero, 0(ra)
addr = base_addr + i
functions.append({
"address": f"0x{addr:08x}",
"offset": i,
"pattern": "return_instruction"
})
return functions
def main():
print(f"Reading firmware binary: {FWIMAGE_PATH}")
data = read_binary(FWIMAGE_PATH)
print(f"Binary size: {len(data)} bytes")
print("Searching for function prologues...")
functions = find_functions(data, BASE_ADDR)
print(f"Found {len(functions)} potential functions")
# Deduplicate by address
seen = set()
unique = []
for f in functions:
if f["address"] not in seen:
seen.add(f["address"])
unique.append(f)
# Sort by address
unique.sort(key=lambda x: x["offset"])
print(f"Unique functions: {len(unique)}")
# Save results
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/found_functions_v2.json", "w") as f:
json.dump(unique, f, indent=2)
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/function_addresses_v2.txt", "w") as f:
for func in unique:
ss = func.get("stack_size", "?")
f.write(f"{func['address']} stack_size={ss} pattern={func['pattern']}\n")
print(f"Results saved to {OUTPUT_DIR}/found_functions_v2.json")
# Show all
for func in unique:
ss = func.get("stack_size", "?")
print(f" {func['address']} stack_size={ss} pattern={func['pattern']}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
|
