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authorOpen-IOV <dev@open-iov.org>2026-09-23 05:44:08 -0400
committerOpen-IOV <dev@open-iov.org>2026-09-23 05:46:43 -0400
commit68cdd7728a7cc6715bbbff7decfe2b11c3bdf558 (patch)
tree3dc8ce2e6af313a97ec6852f5c663a9a93665d2e /wiki/open-iov.org/index.php?title=Mdev-GPU&oldid=23740.html
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Open-IOV: initial public release
Open-IOV virtualizes NVIDIA GPUs so that unmodified guest drivers run with real GPU functionality - CUDA first, 3D and video to follow - on unmodified hosts, without a proprietary vGPU license and without patching any driver, firmware or hypervisor. Core principle: emulate the interface, pass through the work. kernel/ open-iov-vfio.ko - host VFIO mdev driver: virtual GPU device (PCI config space, BAR shadows, MSI-X), GSP boot emulation, GSP-RM message-queue/RPC emulation, memory model (GPU-VA to guest-PA discovery) and the semaphore-completion service that advances guest UVM progress. userspace/ libiov.so management API and examples. tools/ guest diagnostics, firmware analysis wrappers, RM probes. scripts/ stack manager, VM harness, build/load/test automation. config/ hardware/version profiles (the portability surface). docs/ documentation tree - start at docs/README.md. wiki/ long-form firmware and protocol deep dives. Status: initialization works end to end for a stock 570.144 Linux guest on Turing (TU104): driver probe, nvidia-smi, the full GSP-RM control battery, object creation and the early CUDA/UVM start-up path. GPU work forwarding - the step that makes CUDA kernels execute on real hardware - is the active work item; see docs/04-implementation/01-known-knowns-and-unknowns.md. License: BSD-3-Clause for the project; GPL-2.0 for kernel modules that link GPL-only kernel interfaces. See LICENSE and docs/09-reference/legal-and-licensing.md.
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+ <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" >Mdev-GPU</h1>
+ <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body">
+ <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Open-IOV</div>
+ <div id="contentSub"><div class="mw-revision warningbox"><div id="mw-revision-info">Revision as of 00:28, 2 March 2023 by <a href="./index.php%3Ftitle=User:Arthur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1.html" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Arthur (page does not exist)"><bdi>Arthur</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="./index.php%3Ftitle=User_talk:Arthur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1.html" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Arthur (page does not exist)">talk</a> | <a href="index.php/Special:Contributions/Arthur.html" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Arthur">contribs</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="https://open-iov.org/index.php?title=Mdev-GPU&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=23740" title="Mdev-GPU">diff</a>) <a href="https://open-iov.org/index.php?title=Mdev-GPU&amp;direction=prev&amp;oldid=23740" title="Mdev-GPU">← Older revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div>
+ <div id="contentSub2"></div>
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+ <div id="jump-to-nav"></div>
+ <a class="mw-jump-link" href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a>
+ <a class="mw-jump-link" href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#searchInput">Jump to search</a>
+ <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>This page makes use of terms that are defined in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-iov.org/index.php/Glossary"><i>Open-IOV Glossary</i></a>. If you're curious what a given term means you can check there for a definition.
+</p><p><br />
+</p><p>This page will be used to document the <b>Mdev-GPU API</b> as well as provide an overview of the internals of the Mdev-GPU package.
+</p><p>Mdev-GPU's source code can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU">here</a>.
+</p><p>
+Module docs can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="">here</a>.</p><blockquote><p>An absence of critical technical documentation has historically slowed growth and adoption of developer ecosystems for GPU virtualization.
+</p><p>This <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a> licensed content can either be used with attribution, or used as inspiration for new documentation, created by GPU vendors for public commercial distribution as developer documentation.
+</p><p>
+Where possible, this documentation will clearly label dates and versions of observed-but-not-guaranteed behaviour vs. vendor-documented stable interfaces/behaviour with guarantees of forward or backward compatibility.</p></blockquote>
+<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
+<ul>
+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#Compilation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Compilation</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#Installation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Installation</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#Mdev-GPU_Configuration"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mdev-GPU Configuration</span></a>
+<ul>
+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#Systemd"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Systemd</span></a>
+<ul>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#mdev-post.service"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">mdev-post.service</span></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#Mdev-CLI"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mdev-CLI</span></a>
+<ul>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#num"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">num</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#vDevId"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">vDevId</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#pDevId"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">pDevId</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#name"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">name</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#gpuClass"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">gpuClass</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#maxInstances"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">maxInstances</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#virtDisplay"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.7</span> <span class="toctext">virtDisplay</span></a>
+<ul>
+<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-14"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#numHeads"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">numHeads</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#maxResX"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">maxResX</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-16"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#maxResY"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.7.3</span> <span class="toctext">maxResY</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-17"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#frlConfig"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.7.4</span> <span class="toctext">frlConfig</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-18"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#frlEnable"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.7.5</span> <span class="toctext">frlEnable</span></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#ecc"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.8</span> <span class="toctext">ecc</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#fbLen"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.9</span> <span class="toctext">fbLen</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#fbRes"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.10</span> <span class="toctext">fbRes</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#mapVideoSize"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.11</span> <span class="toctext">mapVideoSize</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#encCap"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.12</span> <span class="toctext">encCap</span></a></li>
+<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="index.php%3Ftitle=Mdev-GPU&amp;oldid=23740.html#bar1Len"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.13</span> <span class="toctext">bar1Len</span></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Compilation">Compilation</span></h3>
+<p>Compiling Mdev-GPU from source is very simple however it can take a long time to complete (10 minutes for existing sources).
+</p><p>If you'd like to compile Mdev-GPU yourself you can do so by cloning <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU">the repo</a> and running the following two commands from within the repository directory:
+</p><p><code>curl -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh</code>
+</p><p><code>stack install</code>
+</p><p>These commands will generate all binaries provided by Mdev-GPU under the path <code>~/.local/bin/</code>.
+</p><p>If you would prefer not to wait for the program to compile you can find pre-compiled x86_64 binaries under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU/releases/tag/0.1.0.0">Releases section of the repository on GitHub</a>.
+</p>
+<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Installation">Installation</span></h3>
+<p>The binaries compiled on your local machine by Stack in the <code>~/.local/bin/</code> path or downloaded from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU/releases">Releases on GitHub</a> should be copied to <code>/usr/bin/</code>. This can be accomplished both via install script (currently testing in ) or via management layer-agnostic package.
+</p>
+<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mdev-GPU_Configuration">Mdev-GPU Configuration</span></h3>
+<p>The Mdev-GPU repository provides Systemd service and example configurations for Mdev-CLI in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU/tree/master/etc">/etc/ folder</a>. On installation the directories &amp; files contained in the repository's /etc/ folder should be copied to the absolute path <code>/etc/</code> on the user's computer.
+</p>
+<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Systemd">Systemd</span></h4>
+<p>GVM/Mdev-GPU exposes several of it's functions as Systemd services.
+</p><p>As of the 0.1.0.0 release the following Systemd services are available:
+</p>
+<ul><li><b>mdev-post.service</b></li></ul>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="mdev-post.service">mdev-post.service</span></h5>
+<p>As the name would suggest <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU/blob/master/etc/systemd/system/mdev-post.service">mdev-post.service</a></b> posts the GPU(s) in a state where they are ready to be virtualized. When the service is invoked the mdev-cli util registers Mdev callbacks and supported mediated device (Mdev) types with the Mediated Core according to the user's specified configuration at <b><code>/etc/gvm/mdev-gpu/generate-vgpu-types.yaml</code></b>. If you'd like to place your configuration file elsewhere and still have your configuration invoked on boot you can edit the systemd service <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com//Mdev-GPU/blob/9993fd0781ddddfcca2cb9bee6455ea2c024cc23/etc/systemd/system/mdev-post.service#L10">ExecStart= line</a> to specify an alternative path.
+</p>
+<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Mdev-CLI">Mdev-CLI</span></h4>
+<p>Configuration for Mdev-GPU can be found in the path <b><code>/etc/gvm/mdev-gpu/</code></b>. This path will by default contain several vendor-specific folders which may include configuration examples for various devices/architectures as well as the file <code><b>generate-vgpu-types.yaml</b></code> which you can configure to specify your desired Virtual GPU (vGPU) / VFIO-Mdev topologies as they are presented in the sysfsdev mdev_bus path and as seen by tools such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mdevctl/mdevctl">mdevctl</a>. Once you have configured the available types your liking you can refresh the supported types registered with the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-iov.org/index.php/Virtual_IO_Internals#Mediated_Core">Mediated Core</a> by rebooting your machine or reloading the vendor driver kernel module then restarting <b>mdev-post.service</b> or by invoking <b>mdev-cli</b>.
+</p><p><br />
+The available yaml properties which may be specified in <b><code>/etc/gvm/mdev-gpu/generate-vgpu-types.yaml</code></b> are shown below. Note that fields with the <sup>[required]</sup> tag must be specified in the yaml file whereas fields with the <sup>[optional]</sup> tag may be omitted from configuration if you would prefer to rely upon default parameters instead.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="num">num</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[required]</sup>
+</p><p>num refers to the Mediated Device (Mdev) type number. This value specifies the profile's numerical identifier in the sysfsdev mdev_bus path.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="vDevId">vDevId</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>The vGPU (Virtual GPU) PCI Device ID which should be presented to the guest.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="pDevId">pDevId</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>The pGPU (Physical GPU) PCI Device ID which should be presented to the host.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="name">name</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>The GPU name presented to the guest.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="gpuClass">gpuClass</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>The class of GPU to use.
+</p><p>available strings:
+</p><p>"Compute"
+</p><p>"Graphics"
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="maxInstances">maxInstances</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[required]</sup>
+</p><p>maxInstances refers to the maximum number of instances available of any given Mediated Device (Mdev) profile. This number can be configured arbitrarily however it should ideally not be set to a value which allows for fbLen/fbRes values that allow a number of Mdev devices to be created which would exceed your device's available VRAM.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="virtDisplay">virtDisplay</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>virtDisplay controls the topologies of virtual displays. virtDisplay exposes the following user configurable properties:
+</p>
+<h6><span class="mw-headline" id="numHeads">numHeads</span></h6>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Number of heads [virtual monitors] available for each Mediated Device (Mdev).
+</p>
+<h6><span class="mw-headline" id="maxResX">maxResX</span></h6>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Maximum width of the mediated display.
+</p>
+<h6><span class="mw-headline" id="maxResY">maxResY</span></h6>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Maximum height of the mediated display.
+</p>
+<h6><span class="mw-headline" id="frlConfig">frlConfig</span></h6>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Frame rate limiter for the mediated display.
+</p>
+<h6><span class="mw-headline" id="frlEnable">frlEnable</span></h6>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Do we enable frame rate limiting or not?
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="ecc">ecc</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>ecc refers to if error correcting memory should be used.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="fbLen">fbLen</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[required]</sup>
+</p><p>fbLen is the framebuffer length (in megabytes).
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="fbRes">fbRes</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[required]</sup>
+</p><p>fbRes is the framebuffer reserved by the hypervisor (in megabytes). In most circumstances this value should scale to around 1/7th the size of your chosen fbLen value.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="mapVideoSize">mapVideoSize</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Mappable video size in MBs, 24 by default.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="encCap">encCap</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>Percentage we use the NvEnc hardware.
+</p>
+<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="bar1Len">bar1Len</span></h5>
+<p><sup>[optional]</sup>
+</p><p>bar1Len refers to the size of the Base Address Registers for BAR1 (MSI) as presented by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-iov.org/index.php/Virtual_I/O_Internals#VFIO_device_file_descriptor">VFIO File Descriptor</a>.
+</p>
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